TY - JOUR AB - Deep neural networks (DNNs) have widespread applications in industries such as image recognition, supply chain, medical diagnosis, and autonomous driving. However, previous work has shown that the high accuracy of a DNN model does not imply high robustness (i.e., consistent performances on new and future datasets) because the input data and external environment (e.g., software and model configurations) for a deployed model are constantly changing. Therefore, ensuring robustness is crucial to enhance business and consumer confidence. Previous research focuses mostly on the data aspect of model variance. This article takes a holistic view of DNN robustness by summarizing the issues related to both data and software configuration variances. We also present a predictive framework using search-based optimization to generate representative variances for robust learning, considering data and configurations. AU - Zhang, G AU - Sun, J AU - Xu, F AU - Sui, Y AU - Bandara, HMND AU - Chen, S AU - Menzies, T DA - 2023/11/01 DO - 10.1109/MIC.2023.3322283 EP - 20 JO - IEEE Internet Computing PB - IEEE COMPUTER SOC PY - 2023/11/01 SP - 13 TI - A Tale of Two Cities: Data and Configuration Variances in Robust Deep Learning VL - 27 Y1 - 2023/11/01 Y2 - 2026/08/03 ER -