http://hdl.handle.net/10453/35217 2026-05-21T09:42:13Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195095 Title: Industrial Software Effort Estimation Development and Correction Effort Authors: A., AS; S., A-WF; A., NS Abstract: The increase in software size and complexity in automotive and industrial domains not only leads to the improvement of new functionality but also to an increase in the defect rate. Defect rate is a measure of the relative number of units that are defective per release. This affects the quality and has a strong influence on the business. This will strongly influence the product costs for the development of a high-quality product. Automotive products have a long lifecycle compared to the development lifecycle, which explains the development efforts put into such fail-safe products. One of the important boundaries for an industrial project is the budget, where changes to any project parameters can easily lead to negative effects on the planned budget. Such changes are classified into two types the changes pushed by the customer as new requirements or changed requirements, and the correction changes in the project because of improvements of the system and identified bugs with their fixes. This classification is important to control the project budget. The effort for the realization of new customer changes can be estimated and added to the budget. The correction changes also cause huge efforts, which can lead to a negative budget in the project, which is a big challenge for the project management and the automated calculation of effort estimations for the complete development lifecycle. This study offers a new model to improve the effort estimation from multiple perspectives. The newly developed model was successfully evaluated in the automotive domain. The overall accuracy of the effort estimations was improved by 80 . 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195090 Title: Signal Detection Based on Separable CNN for OTFS Communication Systems Authors: Wang, Y; Zhang, Z; Li, H; Zhou, T; Cheng, Z Abstract: This paper proposes a low-complexity signal detection method for orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) communication systems, based on a separable convolutional neural network (SeCNN), termed SeCNN-OTFS. A novel SeparableBlock architecture is introduced, which integrates residual connections and a channel attention mechanism to enhance feature discrimination and training stability under high Doppler conditions. By decomposing standard convolutions into depthwise and pointwise operations, the model achieves a substantial reduction in computational complexity. To validate its effectiveness, simulations are conducted under a standard OTFS configuration with 64-QAM modulation, comparing the proposed SeCNN-OTFS with conventional CNN-based models and classical linear estimators, such as least squares (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE). The results show that SeCNN-OTFS consistently outperforms LS and MMSE, and when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 12.5 dB, its bit error rate (BER) performance becomes nearly identical to that of 2D-CNN. Notably, SeCNN-OTFS requires only 19 of the parameters compared to 2D-CNN, making it highly suitable for resource-constrained environments such as satellite and IoT communication systems. For scenarios where higher accuracy is required and computational resources are sufficient, the CNN-OTFS model-with conventional convolutional layers replacing the separable convolutional layers-can be adopted as a more precise alternative. 2025-08-07T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195070 Title: Triple Bottom-Line: A Critical Review and Need for Strategic Renewal Authors: Bhatti, AA; Rehman, J; Shamsi, MI; Shamim, K Abstract: The concept of Triple Bottom Line (TBL), as proposed by John Elkington in 1994, is centered on three pillars of sustainability Economic Performance, Social Performance and Environmental Performance. The TBL initially received much attention from industry and academia. Nevertheless, given the rapidly changing global corporate landscape, there is an overarching need for a more balanced and comprehensive perspective for deriving sustainable performance outcomes. Several authors, including Elkington, have identified some limitations in the current TBL framework. Keeping this in mind, this paper critically identified and evaluated the critique done by the prior researchers. In this regard, the data were collected using the Scopus database by using Boolean search terms. A systematic search of 156 studies was performed, followed by removal of duplicates, relevance screening and quality assessment to achieve 36 critically analyzed articles. These were coded and categorized to recognize gaps and suggested solutions regarding the TBL framework. Based on a critical review and literature inquiry, this research identified and discussed seven major criticisms on the TBL approach. This research recommends that if contemporary business firms ought to reap maximum value benefit, the underlying criticisms must be addressed as part of the strategic renewal of the existing TBL framework. The renewed TBL framework would consequently assist the business firms in creating, sustaining and maximizing the performance advantage for diverse organizational stakeholders. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195068 Title: Geotextile thickness effect on slope failure stress of encased column: 3D numerical study Authors: Hajiazizi, M; Nasiri, M; Aminpour, M; Hajiazizi, A; Khosravi, S Abstract: The stability of uncertain earth slopes continues to pose a substantial challenge in geotechnical engineering, with an increasing necessity for effective reinforcement against various loadings. This investigation presents a 3D numerical analysis exploring the functionality of geotextile-encased stone columns (GESC) in sand slope stabilization. The research demonstrates that a GESC, optimally situated in the central region of the sand slope, enhances stability to an ideal level. Additionally, an upper threshold in geotextile thickness is identified, beyond which further increments fail to augment the slope s bearing capacity. A 20 mm geotextile thickness is found to yield maximum bearing capacity, with an optimal center-to-center distance to the diameter of stone columns (S/D) ratio of 2. The study also posits the feasibility of increasing the S/D ratio to 2.5 at optimal geotextile thickness while underscoring that a reduced S/D does not inevitably denote an increased bearing capacity. Interestingly, while encasement of the central stone column does not substantially amplify bearing capacity, the encasement of lateral columns significantly bolsters it, augmenting bearing capacity by 40 and reducing vertical displacement by 14 . The numerical findings align well with corresponding experimental results, thus corroborating the efficacy of GESC in sand slope stabilization. 2025-11-13T00:00:00Z