Understanding the lipid production mechanism in: Euglena gracilis with a fast-response AIEgen bioprobe, DPAS

Reza, AM; Zhou, Y; Tavakoli, J; Tang, Y; Qin, J

Understanding the lipid production mechanism in: Euglena gracilis with a fast-response AIEgen bioprobe, DPAS

Reza, AM Zhou, Y Tavakoli, J

Tang, Y Qin, J

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Publisher:: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2021, 5, (1), pp. 268-283
Issue Date:: 2021-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Reza, AM
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, Y
dc.contributor.author	Tavakoli, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-6530
dc.contributor.author	Tang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Qin, J
dc.date.accessioned	2022-06-01T03:32:45Z
dc.date.available	2022-06-01T03:32:45Z
dc.date.issued	2021-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2021, 5, (1), pp. 268-283
dc.identifier.issn	2052-1537
dc.identifier.issn	2052-1537
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/157860
dc.description.abstract	Lipid bodies are lipid-rich organelles that can regulate the storage of neutral lipids as energy sources in organisms. Visualisation of lipid droplets is an effective approach to understand lipid dynamics in microalgae. This study explores the required environmental conditions to yield lipid in a microalgal species Euglena gracilis as the biofunctional component using a lipid-specific aggregation-induced emission fluorogen, DPAS (C20H16N2O), and compares it to the commercial lipid staining probe BODIPY for visualising the lipid production in vivo. Five treatments are investigated for lipid production: (1) modified Cramer-Myers medium (MCM), (2) MCM without nitrogen (-), (3) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), (4) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), but with glucose (+), and (5) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), but with glucose (+). Illumination was continuous at a rate of 70 mmol photons per m-2 s-1 in all treatments except with no light for treatment of 5. Distinct lipid droplets are labelled with DPAS and detected by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to clarify the understanding of the lipid enrichment mechanism under various conditions. Treatment 1 indicates low lipid production in E. gracilis under an autotrophic condition. DPAS benefits from a very low background signal, and therefore, it is more sensitive than BODIPY for semiquantitative in vivo fluorescence measurements. Co-staining in the presence of BODIPY and chlorophyll also indicates that DPAS is suitable for multicolour imaging with red and green fluorophores. The present study demonstrates that DPAS is a highly effective biocompatible and photostable fluorophore for rapid and sensitive visualisation of lipid droplets. This novel staining method could be used to screen microalgae that have a potential to produce lipid droplets as a health supplement for humans.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
dc.relation.ispartof	Materials Chemistry Frontiers
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1039/d0qm00621a
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.title	Understanding the lipid production mechanism in: Euglena gracilis with a fast-response AIEgen bioprobe, DPAS
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	5
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Biomedical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-06-01T03:32:39Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	5
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

Lipid bodies are lipid-rich organelles that can regulate the storage of neutral lipids as energy sources in organisms. Visualisation of lipid droplets is an effective approach to understand lipid dynamics in microalgae. This study explores the required environmental conditions to yield lipid in a microalgal species Euglena gracilis as the biofunctional component using a lipid-specific aggregation-induced emission fluorogen, DPAS (C20H16N2O), and compares it to the commercial lipid staining probe BODIPY for visualising the lipid production in vivo. Five treatments are investigated for lipid production: (1) modified Cramer-Myers medium (MCM), (2) MCM without nitrogen (-), (3) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), (4) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), but with glucose (+), and (5) MCM without nitrogen (-) and calcium (-), but with glucose (+). Illumination was continuous at a rate of 70 mmol photons per m-2 s-1 in all treatments except with no light for treatment of 5. Distinct lipid droplets are labelled with DPAS and detected by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to clarify the understanding of the lipid enrichment mechanism under various conditions. Treatment 1 indicates low lipid production in E. gracilis under an autotrophic condition. DPAS benefits from a very low background signal, and therefore, it is more sensitive than BODIPY for semiquantitative in vivo fluorescence measurements. Co-staining in the presence of BODIPY and chlorophyll also indicates that DPAS is suitable for multicolour imaging with red and green fluorophores. The present study demonstrates that DPAS is a highly effective biocompatible and photostable fluorophore for rapid and sensitive visualisation of lipid droplets. This novel staining method could be used to screen microalgae that have a potential to produce lipid droplets as a health supplement for humans.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/157860