Arsenic speciation in australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia: Implications for human health risk

Rahman, MA; Rahman, MM; Reichman, SM; Lim, RP; Naidu, R

Arsenic speciation in australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia: Implications for human health risk

Rahman, MA

Rahman, MM Reichman, SM Lim, RP Naidu, R

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62 (25), pp. 6016 - 6024
Issue Date:: 2014-06-25

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Rahman, MA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-0286	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Rahman, MM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Reichman, SM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Lim, RP	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Naidu, R	en_US
dc.date.issued	2014-06-25	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62 (25), pp. 6016 - 6024	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0021-8561	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/35916
dc.description.abstract	Rice is an important route of arsenic (As) exposure to humans, especially populations with rice-based diets. Human health risk of As varies greatly with rice variety and country of origin. The purpose of the present study was to determine total and speciated As in Australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia to assess their health risk to consumers. The total As (tAs) concentrations in Australian-grown organic brown, medium grain brown, and organic white rice were 438 ± 23, 287 ± 03, and 283 ± 18 μg kg-1 dry weight (d wt), respectively. In Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Thai rice imported and on sale in Australia, tAs concentrations were 56 ± 05, 92 ± 10, 82 ± 06 and 172 ± 24 μg kg-1, respectively. Asian rice contained mainly inorganic As (iAs; 86-99%), whereas 18-26% of the tAs in Australian-grown rice was dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Relatively higher concentrations of tAs in Australian-grown rice than that in imported rice of Asian origin suggest that Australian-grown rice may be a health risk for the consumers. It was estimated that Australian-grown organic brown rice can contribute up to 98% of the FAO/WHO recommended maximum tolerable daily intake limit of iAs (2.1 μg kg-1 body wt day -1) for Asian immigrants. However, other Australian consumers including European immigrants are unlikely to be at risk to As from rice diets due to their lower rice consumption rates than that of Asian immigrants. The risk assessment showed that imported rice on sale in Australia was likely to pose a lower health risk to consumers than Australian-grown rice. © 2014 American Chemical Society.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1021/jf501077w	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Food Science	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oryza sativa	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Arsenic	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Soil Pollutants	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Consumer Product Safety	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Food Contamination	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Australia	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Food Safety	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oryza	en_US
dc.title	Arsenic speciation in australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia: Implications for human health risk	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	25	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	62	en_US
utslib.for	0399 Other Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	25	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	62	en_US

Abstract:

Rice is an important route of arsenic (As) exposure to humans, especially populations with rice-based diets. Human health risk of As varies greatly with rice variety and country of origin. The purpose of the present study was to determine total and speciated As in Australian-grown and imported rice on sale in Australia to assess their health risk to consumers. The total As (tAs) concentrations in Australian-grown organic brown, medium grain brown, and organic white rice were 438 ± 23, 287 ± 03, and 283 ± 18 μg kg-1 dry weight (d wt), respectively. In Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Thai rice imported and on sale in Australia, tAs concentrations were 56 ± 05, 92 ± 10, 82 ± 06 and 172 ± 24 μg kg-1, respectively. Asian rice contained mainly inorganic As (iAs; 86-99%), whereas 18-26% of the tAs in Australian-grown rice was dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Relatively higher concentrations of tAs in Australian-grown rice than that in imported rice of Asian origin suggest that Australian-grown rice may be a health risk for the consumers. It was estimated that Australian-grown organic brown rice can contribute up to 98% of the FAO/WHO recommended maximum tolerable daily intake limit of iAs (2.1 μg kg-1 body wt day -1) for Asian immigrants. However, other Australian consumers including European immigrants are unlikely to be at risk to As from rice diets due to their lower rice consumption rates than that of Asian immigrants. The risk assessment showed that imported rice on sale in Australia was likely to pose a lower health risk to consumers than Australian-grown rice. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

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