Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine

Surawski, NC; Ristovski, ZD; Brown, RJ; Situ, R

Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine

Surawski, NC

Ristovski, ZD Brown, RJ Situ, R

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 54 (1), pp. 145 - 151
Issue Date:: 2012-02-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Surawski, NC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-1044	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Ristovski, ZD	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Brown, RJ	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Situ, R	en_US
dc.date.issued	2012-02-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 54 (1), pp. 145 - 151	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0196-8904	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/115258
dc.description.abstract	A 4-cylinder Ford 2701C test engine was used in this study to explore the impact of ethanol fumigation on gaseous and particle emission concentrations. The fumigation technique delivered vaporised ethanol into the intake manifold of the engine, using an injector, a pump and pressure regulator, a heat exchanger for vaporising ethanol and a separate fuel tank and lines. Gaseous (Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)) and particulate emissions (particle mass (PM2.5) and particle number) testing was conducted at intermediate speed (1700 rpm) using 4 load settings with ethanol substitution percentages ranging from 10% to 40% (by energy). With ethanol fumigation, NO and PM2.5 emissions were reduced, whereas CO and HC emissions increased considerably and particle number emissions increased at most test settings. It was found that ethanol fumigation reduced the excess air factor for the engine and this led to increased emissions of CO and HC, but decreased emissions of NO. PM2.5 emissions were reduced with ethanol fumigation, as ethanol has a very low "sooting" tendency. This is due to the higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of this fuel, and also because ethanol does not contain aromatics, both of which are known soot precursors. The use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (as an after-treatment device) is recommended to achieve a reduction in the four pollutants that are currently regulated for compression ignition engines. The increase in particle number emissions with ethanol fumigation was due to the formation of volatile (organic) particles; consequently, using a diesel oxidation catalyst will also assist in reducing particle number emissions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Energy Conversion and Management	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.enconman.2011.10.011	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Energy	en_US
dc.title	Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	54	en_US
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	090201 Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl. Alternative/Renewable Fuels)	en_US
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	1	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	54	en_US

Abstract:

A 4-cylinder Ford 2701C test engine was used in this study to explore the impact of ethanol fumigation on gaseous and particle emission concentrations. The fumigation technique delivered vaporised ethanol into the intake manifold of the engine, using an injector, a pump and pressure regulator, a heat exchanger for vaporising ethanol and a separate fuel tank and lines. Gaseous (Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)) and particulate emissions (particle mass (PM2.5) and particle number) testing was conducted at intermediate speed (1700 rpm) using 4 load settings with ethanol substitution percentages ranging from 10% to 40% (by energy). With ethanol fumigation, NO and PM2.5 emissions were reduced, whereas CO and HC emissions increased considerably and particle number emissions increased at most test settings. It was found that ethanol fumigation reduced the excess air factor for the engine and this led to increased emissions of CO and HC, but decreased emissions of NO. PM2.5 emissions were reduced with ethanol fumigation, as ethanol has a very low "sooting" tendency. This is due to the higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of this fuel, and also because ethanol does not contain aromatics, both of which are known soot precursors. The use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (as an after-treatment device) is recommended to achieve a reduction in the four pollutants that are currently regulated for compression ignition engines. The increase in particle number emissions with ethanol fumigation was due to the formation of volatile (organic) particles; consequently, using a diesel oxidation catalyst will also assist in reducing particle number emissions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/115258