Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children

Afsari, S; Rose, KA; Gole, GA; Philip, K; Leone, JF; French, A; Mitchell, P

Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children

Afsari, S Rose, KA

Gole, GA Philip, K Leone, JF French, A

Mitchell, P

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2013, 97 (9), pp. 1095 - 1099
Issue Date:: 2013-09-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Afsari, S	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Rose, KA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-4145	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Gole, GA	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Philip, K	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Leone, JF	en_US
dc.contributor.author	French, A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-8127	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Mitchell, P	en_US
dc.date.issued	2013-09-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2013, 97 (9), pp. 1095 - 1099	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0007-1161	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/116173
dc.description.abstract	Aim: To determine the age and ethnicity-specific prevalence of anisometropia in Australian preschool-aged children and to assess in this population-based study the risk of anisometropia with increasing ametropia levels and risk of amblyopia with increasing anisometropia. Methods: A total 2090 children (aged 6-72 months) completed detailed eye examinations in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study, including cycloplegic refraction, and were included. Refraction was measured using a Canon RK-F1 autorefractor, streak retinoscopy and/or the Retinomax K-Plus 2 autorefractor. Anisometropia was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) difference, and plus cylinder difference for any cylindrical axis between eyes. Results: The overall prevalence of SE and cylindrical anisometropia ≥1.0 D were 2.7% and 3.0%, for the overall sample and in children of European-Caucasian ethnicity, 3.2%, 1.9%; East-Asian 1.7%, 5.2%; South-Asian 2.5%, 3.6%; Middle-Eastern ethnicities 2.2%, 3.3%, respectively. Anisometropia prevalence was lower or similar to that in the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study, Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singapore study. Risk (OR) of anisometropic amblyopia with ≥1.0 D of SE and cylindrical anisometropia was 12.4 (CI 4.0 to 38.4) and 6.5 (CI 2.3 to 18.7), respectively. We found an increasing risk of anisometropia with higher myopia ≥-1.0 D, OR 61.6 (CI 21.3 to 308), hyperopia > +2.0 D, OR 13.6 (CI 2.9 to 63.6) and astigmatism ≥1.5 D, OR 30.0 (CI 14.5 to 58.1). Conclusions: In this preschool-age population-based sample, anisometropia was uncommon with inter-ethnic differences in cylindrical anisometropia prevalence. We also quantified the rising risk of amblyopia with increasing SE and cylindrical anisometropia, and present the specific levels of refractive error and associated increasing risk of anisometropia.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	British Journal of Ophthalmology	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302637	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Ophthalmology & Optometry	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Amblyopia	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Refractive Errors	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Anisometropia	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Risk Factors	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Infant	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Australia	en_US
dc.title	Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	9	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	97	en_US
utslib.for	1113 Opthalmology and Optometry	en_US
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Graduate School of Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	9	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	97	en_US

Abstract:

Aim: To determine the age and ethnicity-specific prevalence of anisometropia in Australian preschool-aged children and to assess in this population-based study the risk of anisometropia with increasing ametropia levels and risk of amblyopia with increasing anisometropia. Methods: A total 2090 children (aged 6-72 months) completed detailed eye examinations in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study, including cycloplegic refraction, and were included. Refraction was measured using a Canon RK-F1 autorefractor, streak retinoscopy and/or the Retinomax K-Plus 2 autorefractor. Anisometropia was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) difference, and plus cylinder difference for any cylindrical axis between eyes. Results: The overall prevalence of SE and cylindrical anisometropia ≥1.0 D were 2.7% and 3.0%, for the overall sample and in children of European-Caucasian ethnicity, 3.2%, 1.9%; East-Asian 1.7%, 5.2%; South-Asian 2.5%, 3.6%; Middle-Eastern ethnicities 2.2%, 3.3%, respectively. Anisometropia prevalence was lower or similar to that in the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study, Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singapore study. Risk (OR) of anisometropic amblyopia with ≥1.0 D of SE and cylindrical anisometropia was 12.4 (CI 4.0 to 38.4) and 6.5 (CI 2.3 to 18.7), respectively. We found an increasing risk of anisometropia with higher myopia ≥-1.0 D, OR 61.6 (CI 21.3 to 308), hyperopia > +2.0 D, OR 13.6 (CI 2.9 to 63.6) and astigmatism ≥1.5 D, OR 30.0 (CI 14.5 to 58.1). Conclusions: In this preschool-age population-based sample, anisometropia was uncommon with inter-ethnic differences in cylindrical anisometropia prevalence. We also quantified the rising risk of amblyopia with increasing SE and cylindrical anisometropia, and present the specific levels of refractive error and associated increasing risk of anisometropia.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/116173