Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process

Altaee, A; Zaragoza, G; Drioli, E; Zhou, J

Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process

Altaee, A

Zaragoza, G Drioli, E Zhou, J

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Applied Energy, 2017, 199 pp. 359 - 369
Issue Date:: 2017-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Altaee, A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-3974	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Zaragoza, G	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Drioli, E	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-1608	en_US
dc.date.available	2020-05-25T19:22:30Z
dc.date.issued	2017-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Applied Energy, 2017, 199 pp. 359 - 369	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0306-2619	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/124665
dc.description.abstract	© 2017 Power generation by means of Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has been proposed for harvesting the energy of a salinity gradient. Energy recovery by the PRO process decreases along the membrane module due to depleting of the chemical potential across the membrane and concentration polarization effects. A dual stage PRO (DSPRO) design can be used to rejuvenate the chemical potential difference and reduce the concentration polarization on feed solution. Several design configurations were suggested for the membrane module arrangements in the first and second stage of the PRO process. PRO performance was evaluated for a number of salinity gradients proposed by coupling Dead Sea water or Reverse Osmosis (RO) brine with seawater or wastewater effluent. Maximum specific energy of inlet and outlet feeds was calculated using a developed computer model to identify the amount of recovered and remaining energy. Initially, specific power generation by the PRO process increased by increasing the number of modules of the first stage. Maximum specific energy is calculated along the PRO module to understand the degradation of the maximum specific energy in each module before introducing a second stage PRO process. Adding a second stage PRO process resulted in a sharp increase of the chemical potential difference and the specific energy yield of the process. Between 10% and 13% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the DSPRO process for the Dead Sea-seawater salinity gradient depending on the dual stage design configuration. For Dead Sea-RO brine, 12–16% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the dual stage PRO process. For Dead Sea-wastewater and RO brine-wastewater, a neutral and sometimes negative impact occurred when a second stage PRO process was introduced. We concluded that, for a given draw solution concentration, dual stage performs better than the conventional PRO process at high feed salinities, yet requires lower hydraulic pressure.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Applied Energy	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.031	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Energy	en_US
dc.title	Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	199	en_US
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	1402 Applied Economics	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	14 Economics	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	199	en_US

Abstract:

© 2017 Power generation by means of Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has been proposed for harvesting the energy of a salinity gradient. Energy recovery by the PRO process decreases along the membrane module due to depleting of the chemical potential across the membrane and concentration polarization effects. A dual stage PRO (DSPRO) design can be used to rejuvenate the chemical potential difference and reduce the concentration polarization on feed solution. Several design configurations were suggested for the membrane module arrangements in the first and second stage of the PRO process. PRO performance was evaluated for a number of salinity gradients proposed by coupling Dead Sea water or Reverse Osmosis (RO) brine with seawater or wastewater effluent. Maximum specific energy of inlet and outlet feeds was calculated using a developed computer model to identify the amount of recovered and remaining energy. Initially, specific power generation by the PRO process increased by increasing the number of modules of the first stage. Maximum specific energy is calculated along the PRO module to understand the degradation of the maximum specific energy in each module before introducing a second stage PRO process. Adding a second stage PRO process resulted in a sharp increase of the chemical potential difference and the specific energy yield of the process. Between 10% and 13% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the DSPRO process for the Dead Sea-seawater salinity gradient depending on the dual stage design configuration. For Dead Sea-RO brine, 12–16% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the dual stage PRO process. For Dead Sea-wastewater and RO brine-wastewater, a neutral and sometimes negative impact occurred when a second stage PRO process was introduced. We concluded that, for a given draw solution concentration, dual stage performs better than the conventional PRO process at high feed salinities, yet requires lower hydraulic pressure.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/124665