Progress, challenges, and opportunities in enhancing NOM flocculation using chemically modified chitosan: A review towards future development

Loganathan, P; Gradzielski, M; Bustamante, H; Vigneswaran, S

Progress, challenges, and opportunities in enhancing NOM flocculation using chemically modified chitosan: A review towards future development

Loganathan, P Gradzielski, M Bustamante, H Vigneswaran, S

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2020, 6 (1), pp. 45 - 61
Issue Date:: 2020-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Loganathan, P	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Gradzielski, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Bustamante, H	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Vigneswaran, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-4322	en_US
dc.date.available	2021-01-01T18:05:20Z
dc.date.issued	2020-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2020, 6 (1), pp. 45 - 61	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	2053-1400	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/138528
dc.description.abstract	© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Natural organic matter (NOM) occurs ubiquitously in water bodies and this can greatly affect feed or raw water quality (taste, colour, odour, bacterial growth). Furthermore, it reduces the performance of the coagulation-based water treatment process. Because the NOM content and its chemical complexity are increasing throughout the world, the removal of NOM from water has become a major challenge in supplying the required amounts of good quality water. The coagulation-flocculation process is widely used for purifying urban water supplies. However, it is not always sufficiently successful in removing the augmented NOM in the feed water, mostly because the polyelectrolytes currently used as coagulants/flocculants cannot effectively interact with all the NOM components consisting of different functional groups, molecular weights, charges, and hydrophobicity. Within the class of polyelectrolytes, chitosan (Cs), which is produced by the deacetylation of abundantly available chitin, has been tested in removing NOM. The effectiveness of Cs can be further improved by chemically modifying the abundant free amino and hydroxyl groups along the Cs chain backbone. This will provide new functional groups that can increase the positive charges, molecular weight, and allow for solubility over a wider pH range, as well as introduce tailored groups which interact in an optimised way with NOM, thereby reducing the solubility of the formed complexes. This paper critically reviews the chemistry of the formed polyelectrolyte/NOM complexes and provides information on how this can be taken advantage of, to identify modified chemical structures of Cs to improve NOM removal in water treatment strategies.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1039/c9ew00596j	en_US
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Progress, challenges, and opportunities in enhancing NOM flocculation using chemically modified chitosan: A review towards future development	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	6	en_US
utslib.for	0399 Other Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.issue	1	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	6	en_US

Abstract:

© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Natural organic matter (NOM) occurs ubiquitously in water bodies and this can greatly affect feed or raw water quality (taste, colour, odour, bacterial growth). Furthermore, it reduces the performance of the coagulation-based water treatment process. Because the NOM content and its chemical complexity are increasing throughout the world, the removal of NOM from water has become a major challenge in supplying the required amounts of good quality water. The coagulation-flocculation process is widely used for purifying urban water supplies. However, it is not always sufficiently successful in removing the augmented NOM in the feed water, mostly because the polyelectrolytes currently used as coagulants/flocculants cannot effectively interact with all the NOM components consisting of different functional groups, molecular weights, charges, and hydrophobicity. Within the class of polyelectrolytes, chitosan (Cs), which is produced by the deacetylation of abundantly available chitin, has been tested in removing NOM. The effectiveness of Cs can be further improved by chemically modifying the abundant free amino and hydroxyl groups along the Cs chain backbone. This will provide new functional groups that can increase the positive charges, molecular weight, and allow for solubility over a wider pH range, as well as introduce tailored groups which interact in an optimised way with NOM, thereby reducing the solubility of the formed complexes. This paper critically reviews the chemistry of the formed polyelectrolyte/NOM complexes and provides information on how this can be taken advantage of, to identify modified chemical structures of Cs to improve NOM removal in water treatment strategies.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/138528