Withering of tea leaves using heat pipe heat exchanger by utilizing low-temperature geothermal energy

Gunawan, Y; Putra, N; Hakim, II; Agustina, D; Mahlia, TMI

Withering of tea leaves using heat pipe heat exchanger by utilizing low-temperature geothermal energy

Gunawan, Y Putra, N Hakim, II Agustina, D Mahlia, TMI

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Publisher:: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2020, pp. ctaa041-
Issue Date:: 2020-07-14

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Gunawan, Y
dc.contributor.author	Putra, N
dc.contributor.author	Hakim, II
dc.contributor.author	Agustina, D
dc.contributor.author	Mahlia, TMI
dc.date.accessioned	2020-08-06T13:41:55Z
dc.date.available	2020-08-06T13:41:55Z
dc.date.issued	2020-07-14
dc.identifier.citation	International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2020, pp. ctaa041-
dc.identifier.issn	1748-1317
dc.identifier.issn	1748-1325
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/142000
dc.description.abstract	<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The volume of Indonesian tea exports to the European Union (EU) decreased by 43% in 2014 because of the EU setting a maximum residue limit of anthraquinone (AQ) for tea as 0.02 mg/kg. The content of AQ in tea leaves increases when there is incomplete combustion in the combustion of firewood for the energy source of withering and drying of tea leaves. This study aims to develop and test a new concept for the direct use of low-temperature geothermal energy with a heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) for the withering of tea leaves as a solution for energy sources free from AQ. The geothermal fluid simulators use water, which is heated by heater and flowed by a pump. The HPHE used consists of 42 heat pipes and 181 fins. The heat pipe used has a length of 700 mm with an outer diameter of 10 mm. Each fin is made of aluminum with a thickness of 0.105 mm and a size of 76 × 345 mm2. The results show that the effectiveness of the HPHE varies from 66% to 79.59%. For 100 g of fresh tea leaves, the heating energy produced ranges from 15.21 W to 45.07 W, meaning it can wither tea leaves from 80% (w.b.) to 54% (w.b.) in a variety of 11 h 56 min to only 49.6 min. The Page mathematical model is the best model to represent the behavior of the tea leaves with this HPHE system.</jats:p>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Oxford University Press (OUP)
dc.relation.ispartof	International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1093/ijlct/ctaa041
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.title	Withering of tea leaves using heat pipe heat exchanger by utilizing low-temperature geothermal energy
dc.type	Journal Article
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CAMGIS - Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial lnformation Systems
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Information, Systems and Modelling
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
utslib.copyright.status	recently_added	*
dc.date.updated	2020-08-06T13:41:49Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online

Abstract:

Abstract The volume of Indonesian tea exports to the European Union (EU) decreased by 43% in 2014 because of the EU setting a maximum residue limit of anthraquinone (AQ) for tea as 0.02 mg/kg. The content of AQ in tea leaves increases when there is incomplete combustion in the combustion of firewood for the energy source of withering and drying of tea leaves. This study aims to develop and test a new concept for the direct use of low-temperature geothermal energy with a heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) for the withering of tea leaves as a solution for energy sources free from AQ. The geothermal fluid simulators use water, which is heated by heater and flowed by a pump. The HPHE used consists of 42 heat pipes and 181 fins. The heat pipe used has a length of 700 mm with an outer diameter of 10 mm. Each fin is made of aluminum with a thickness of 0.105 mm and a size of 76 × 345 mm2. The results show that the effectiveness of the HPHE varies from 66% to 79.59%. For 100 g of fresh tea leaves, the heating energy produced ranges from 15.21 W to 45.07 W, meaning it can wither tea leaves from 80% (w.b.) to 54% (w.b.) in a variety of 11 h 56 min to only 49.6 min. The Page mathematical model is the best model to represent the behavior of the tea leaves with this HPHE system.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/142000