Statistical evaluation of on-road vehicle emissions measurement using a dual remote sensing technique.

Huang, Y; Yu, Y; Yam, Y-S; Zhou, JL; Lei, C; Organ, B; Zhuang, Y; Mok, W-C; Chan, EFC

Statistical evaluation of on-road vehicle emissions measurement using a dual remote sensing technique.

Huang, Y

Yu, Y

Yam, Y-S Zhou, JL Lei, C Organ, B Zhuang, Y Mok, W-C Chan, EFC

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2020, 267, pp. 115456
Issue Date:: 2020-12

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Huang, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-8788
dc.contributor.author	Yu, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-8191
dc.contributor.author	Yam, Y-S
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, JL
dc.contributor.author	Lei, C
dc.contributor.author	Organ, B
dc.contributor.author	Zhuang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Mok, W-C
dc.contributor.author	Chan, EFC
dc.date.accessioned	2021-02-12T02:47:13Z
dc.date.available	2020-08-18
dc.date.available	2021-02-12T02:47:13Z
dc.date.issued	2020-12
dc.identifier.citation	Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2020, 267, pp. 115456
dc.identifier.issn	0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn	1873-6424
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146045
dc.description.abstract	On-road remote sensing (RS) is a rapid, non-intrusive and economical tool to monitor and control the emissions of in-use vehicles, and currently is gaining popularity globally. However, a majority of studies used a single RS technique, which may bias the measurements since RS only captures a snapshot of vehicle emissions. This study aimed to use a unique dual RS technique to assess the characteristics of on-road vehicle emissions. The results show that instantaneous vehicle emissions are highly dynamic under real-world driving conditions. The two emission factors measured by the dual RS technique show little correlation, even under the same driving condition. This indicates that using the single RS technique may be insufficient to accurately represent the emission level of a vehicle based on one measurement. To increase the accuracy of identifying high-emitting vehicles, using the dual RS technique is essential. Despite little correlation, the dual RS technique measures the same average emission factors as the single RS technique does when a large number of measurements are available. Statistical analysis shows that both RS systems demonstrate the same Gamma distribution with ≥200 measurements, leading to converged mean emission factors for a given vehicle group. These findings point to the need for a minimum sample size of 200 RS measurements in order to generate reliable emission factors for on-road vehicles. In summary, this study suggests that using the single or dual RS technique will depend on the purpose of applications. Both techniques have the same accuracy in calculating average emission factors when sufficient measurements are available, while the dual RS technique is more accurate in identifying high-emitters based on one measurement only.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115456
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Air Pollutants
dc.subject.mesh	Sample Size
dc.subject.mesh	Vehicle Emissions
dc.subject.mesh	Environmental Monitoring
dc.subject.mesh	Research Design
dc.subject.mesh	Automobile Driving
dc.subject.mesh	Motor Vehicles
dc.subject.mesh	Remote Sensing Technology
dc.subject.mesh	Air Pollutants
dc.subject.mesh	Automobile Driving
dc.subject.mesh	Environmental Monitoring
dc.subject.mesh	Motor Vehicles
dc.subject.mesh	Remote Sensing Technology
dc.subject.mesh	Research Design
dc.subject.mesh	Sample Size
dc.subject.mesh	Vehicle Emissions
dc.title	Statistical evaluation of on-road vehicle emissions measurement using a dual remote sensing technique.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	267
utslib.location.activity	England
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
utslib.copyright.embargo	2022-12-31T00:00:00+1000Z
dc.date.updated	2021-02-12T02:46:54Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	267

Abstract:

On-road remote sensing (RS) is a rapid, non-intrusive and economical tool to monitor and control the emissions of in-use vehicles, and currently is gaining popularity globally. However, a majority of studies used a single RS technique, which may bias the measurements since RS only captures a snapshot of vehicle emissions. This study aimed to use a unique dual RS technique to assess the characteristics of on-road vehicle emissions. The results show that instantaneous vehicle emissions are highly dynamic under real-world driving conditions. The two emission factors measured by the dual RS technique show little correlation, even under the same driving condition. This indicates that using the single RS technique may be insufficient to accurately represent the emission level of a vehicle based on one measurement. To increase the accuracy of identifying high-emitting vehicles, using the dual RS technique is essential. Despite little correlation, the dual RS technique measures the same average emission factors as the single RS technique does when a large number of measurements are available. Statistical analysis shows that both RS systems demonstrate the same Gamma distribution with ≥200 measurements, leading to converged mean emission factors for a given vehicle group. These findings point to the need for a minimum sample size of 200 RS measurements in order to generate reliable emission factors for on-road vehicles. In summary, this study suggests that using the single or dual RS technique will depend on the purpose of applications. Both techniques have the same accuracy in calculating average emission factors when sufficient measurements are available, while the dual RS technique is more accurate in identifying high-emitters based on one measurement only.

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