Investigation of water injection benefits on downsized boosted direct injection spark ignition engine

Zhuang, Y; Sun, Y; Huang, Y; Teng, Q; He, B; Chen, W; Qian, Y

Investigation of water injection benefits on downsized boosted direct injection spark ignition engine

Zhuang, Y Sun, Y Huang, Y

Teng, Q He, B Chen, W Qian, Y

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Fuel, 2020, 264
Issue Date:: 2020-03-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhuang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Sun, Y
dc.contributor.author	Huang, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-8788
dc.contributor.author	Teng, Q
dc.contributor.author	He, B
dc.contributor.author	Chen, W
dc.contributor.author	Qian, Y
dc.date.accessioned	2021-02-12T02:49:30Z
dc.date.available	2021-02-12T02:49:30Z
dc.date.issued	2020-03-15
dc.identifier.citation	Fuel, 2020, 264
dc.identifier.issn	0016-2361
dc.identifier.issn	1873-7153
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146046
dc.description.abstract	© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Engine downsizing and boosting are key technologies to achieve the increasingly stringent emissions standards for spark ignition (SI) engines. However, knock is a major obstacle inhibiting further downsizing of SI engines. Water injection is a promising technology that has regained attention recently to solve the knock problem. In this paper, a 1.5L turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was modified by installing a water port injection (WPI) system on the intake manifold. The WPI system was modified from a GDI system and deionized water was pressured to 50 bar in a water tank by compressed nitrogen. The effect of WPI on engine combustion and emissions performance were experimentally investigated under different water/gasoline volume percentages and WPI timings. The results show that WPI has great potential in suppressing engine knock. At original engine setting (without adjustment of spark timing), all the combustion indexes related to knock are decreased by WPI, including maximum in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) and maximum pressure rise rate (Rmax). The flame kernel formation process (CA0-5), initiation combustion duration (CA0-10), early combustion duration (CA0-50) and major combustion duration (CA0-90) are deteriorated, resulting in decreased indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and thermal efficiency. By properly advancing spark timing, the combustion process can be improved, allowing the engine to achieve higher Pmax and better combustion phases without occurrence of knock. It is also found that the water/gasoline volume percentage should be kept within a proper range (30% in this study) because over WPI can lead to deterioration of combustion and pollutant emissions. WPI can effectively reduce the production of NO and CO emissions, while HC emissions are increased with the rise of water/gasoline volume percentage.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Fuel
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116765
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.subject	0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), 0904 Chemical Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Energy
dc.title	Investigation of water injection benefits on downsized boosted direct injection spark ignition engine
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	264
utslib.for	0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
utslib.copyright.embargo	2022-03-01T00:00:00+1000Z
dc.date.updated	2021-02-12T02:48:54Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	264

Abstract:

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Engine downsizing and boosting are key technologies to achieve the increasingly stringent emissions standards for spark ignition (SI) engines. However, knock is a major obstacle inhibiting further downsizing of SI engines. Water injection is a promising technology that has regained attention recently to solve the knock problem. In this paper, a 1.5L turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was modified by installing a water port injection (WPI) system on the intake manifold. The WPI system was modified from a GDI system and deionized water was pressured to 50 bar in a water tank by compressed nitrogen. The effect of WPI on engine combustion and emissions performance were experimentally investigated under different water/gasoline volume percentages and WPI timings. The results show that WPI has great potential in suppressing engine knock. At original engine setting (without adjustment of spark timing), all the combustion indexes related to knock are decreased by WPI, including maximum in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) and maximum pressure rise rate (Rmax). The flame kernel formation process (CA0-5), initiation combustion duration (CA0-10), early combustion duration (CA0-50) and major combustion duration (CA0-90) are deteriorated, resulting in decreased indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and thermal efficiency. By properly advancing spark timing, the combustion process can be improved, allowing the engine to achieve higher Pmax and better combustion phases without occurrence of knock. It is also found that the water/gasoline volume percentage should be kept within a proper range (30% in this study) because over WPI can lead to deterioration of combustion and pollutant emissions. WPI can effectively reduce the production of NO and CO emissions, while HC emissions are increased with the rise of water/gasoline volume percentage.

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