Microwave-assisted wet torrefaction of microalgae under various acids for coproduction of biochar and sugar

Gan, YY; Ong, HC; Chen, WH; Sheen, HK; Chang, JS; Chong, CT; Ling, TC

Microwave-assisted wet torrefaction of microalgae under various acids for coproduction of biochar and sugar

Gan, YY Ong, HC Chen, WH Sheen, HK Chang, JS Chong, CT Ling, TC

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 253
Issue Date:: 2020-04-20

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Gan, YY
dc.contributor.author	Ong, HC
dc.contributor.author	Chen, WH
dc.contributor.author	Sheen, HK
dc.contributor.author	Chang, JS
dc.contributor.author	Chong, CT
dc.contributor.author	Ling, TC
dc.date.accessioned	2021-03-05T05:42:34Z
dc.date.available	2021-03-05T05:42:34Z
dc.date.issued	2020-04-20
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 253
dc.identifier.issn	0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn	1879-1786
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146823
dc.description.abstract	© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Wet torrefaction is a promising method to converts the high moisture microalgae to biofuel. In this study, the microalgae were torrefied in water or dilute acid solutions with the aid of microwaves irradiation. The reaction temperature and heating time were fixed at 160 °C and 10 min. The effects of sulfuric, phosphorus, and succinic acids on two different microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 and FSP-E) were investigated. As a result, the disruption of the microalga FSP-E (high protein) was not notable in the acidic solution. The higher heating value of wet torrefied microalga ESP-31 (high carbohydrate) in succinic acid was enhanced up to 40% with at least 45% of energy yield. The use of 0.1 M of phosphorus acid in wet torrefaction produced the highest ash content of 1.61 and 11.60 wt% for microalgae ESP-31 and FSP-E, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the carbohydrate content of microalga ESP-31 has the highest degradation in sulfuric acid solution. In contrast, crystalline cellulose in the microalgae is hardly affected by the wet torrefaction process in low-temperature acidic solution. In terms of liquid product, a maximum glucose extraction of 35.39 g/L occurred with the use of 0.1 M of sulfuric acid. In conclusion, biochar produced using organic acid is desirable as solid fuel, whereas the use of sulfuric acid is more suitable to produce sugar for bioethanol production.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Cleaner Production
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119944
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0907 Environmental Engineering, 0910 Manufacturing Engineering, 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences
dc.title	Microwave-assisted wet torrefaction of microalgae under various acids for coproduction of biochar and sugar
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	253
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering
utslib.for	0910 Manufacturing Engineering
utslib.for	0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Information, Systems and Modelling
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-03-05T05:42:32Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	253

Abstract:

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Wet torrefaction is a promising method to converts the high moisture microalgae to biofuel. In this study, the microalgae were torrefied in water or dilute acid solutions with the aid of microwaves irradiation. The reaction temperature and heating time were fixed at 160 °C and 10 min. The effects of sulfuric, phosphorus, and succinic acids on two different microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 and FSP-E) were investigated. As a result, the disruption of the microalga FSP-E (high protein) was not notable in the acidic solution. The higher heating value of wet torrefied microalga ESP-31 (high carbohydrate) in succinic acid was enhanced up to 40% with at least 45% of energy yield. The use of 0.1 M of phosphorus acid in wet torrefaction produced the highest ash content of 1.61 and 11.60 wt% for microalgae ESP-31 and FSP-E, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the carbohydrate content of microalga ESP-31 has the highest degradation in sulfuric acid solution. In contrast, crystalline cellulose in the microalgae is hardly affected by the wet torrefaction process in low-temperature acidic solution. In terms of liquid product, a maximum glucose extraction of 35.39 g/L occurred with the use of 0.1 M of sulfuric acid. In conclusion, biochar produced using organic acid is desirable as solid fuel, whereas the use of sulfuric acid is more suitable to produce sugar for bioethanol production.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146823