A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles.

Kebande, VR; Awaysheh, FM; Ikuesan, RA; Alawadi, SA; Alshehri, MD

A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles.

Kebande, VR Awaysheh, FM Ikuesan, RA Alawadi, SA Alshehri, MD

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Publisher:: MDPI AG
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Sensors (Basel), 2021, 21, (18), pp. 6018-6018
Issue Date:: 2021-09-08

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Kebande, VR
dc.contributor.author	Awaysheh, FM
dc.contributor.author	Ikuesan, RA
dc.contributor.author	Alawadi, SA
dc.contributor.author	Alshehri, MD
dc.date.accessioned	2021-10-06T22:11:04Z
dc.date.available	2021-09-02
dc.date.available	2021-10-06T22:11:04Z
dc.date.issued	2021-09-08
dc.identifier.citation	Sensors (Basel), 2021, 21, (18), pp. 6018-6018
dc.identifier.issn	1424-8220
dc.identifier.issn	1424-8220
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/150870
dc.description.abstract	Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood's scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the Pi generated during Karla and Sood's authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev-Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad.
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	MDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartof	Sensors (Basel)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/s21186018
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0301 Analytical Chemistry, 0502 Environmental Science and Management, 0602 Ecology, 0805 Distributed Computing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Analytical Chemistry
dc.subject.mesh	Blockchain
dc.subject.mesh	Computer Security
dc.subject.mesh	Confidentiality
dc.subject.mesh	Ecosystem
dc.subject.mesh	Internet of Things
dc.title	A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	21
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	0301 Analytical Chemistry
utslib.for	0502 Environmental Science and Management
utslib.for	0602 Ecology
utslib.for	0805 Distributed Computing
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Computer Science
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-10-06T22:11:03Z
pubs.issue	18
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	21
utslib.citation.issue	18

Abstract:

Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood's scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the Pi generated during Karla and Sood's authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev-Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/150870