Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions

Gao, X; Deng, C; Li, X; Tao, D

Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions

Gao, X Deng, C Li, X Tao, D

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews, 2010, 40 (3), pp. 278 - 286
Issue Date:: 2010-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Gao, X	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Deng, C	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Li, X	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Tao, D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449	en_US
dc.date.issued	2010-05-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews, 2010, 40 (3), pp. 278 - 286	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1094-6977	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/15141
dc.description.abstract	Feature-based image watermarking schemes, which aim to survive various geometric distortions, have attracted great attention in recent years. Existing schemes have shown robustness against rotation, scaling, and translation, but few are resistant to cropping, nonisotropic scaling, random bending attacks (RBAs), and affine transformations. Seo and Yoo present a geometrically invariant image watermarking based on affine covariant regions (ACRs) that provide a certain degree of robustness. To further enhance the robustness, we propose a new image watermarking scheme on the basis of Seos work, which is insensitive to geometric distortions as well as common image processing operations. Our scheme is mainly composed of three components: 1) feature selection procedure based on graph theoretical clustering algorithm is applied to obtain a set of stable and nonoverlapped ACRs; 2) for each chosen ACR, local normalization, and orientation alignment are performed to generate a geometrically invariant region, which can obviously improve the robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme; and 3) in order to prevent the degradation in image quality caused by the normalization and inverse normalization, indirect inverse normalization is adopted to achieve a good compromise between the imperceptibility and robustness. Experiments are carried out on an image set of 100 images collected from Internet, and the preliminary results demonstrate that the developed method improves the performance over some representative image watermarking approaches in terms of robustness. © 2006 IEEE.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2037512	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	en_US
dc.title	Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	3	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	40	en_US
utslib.for	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing	en_US
utslib.for	08 Information and Computing Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	3	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	40	en_US

Abstract:

Feature-based image watermarking schemes, which aim to survive various geometric distortions, have attracted great attention in recent years. Existing schemes have shown robustness against rotation, scaling, and translation, but few are resistant to cropping, nonisotropic scaling, random bending attacks (RBAs), and affine transformations. Seo and Yoo present a geometrically invariant image watermarking based on affine covariant regions (ACRs) that provide a certain degree of robustness. To further enhance the robustness, we propose a new image watermarking scheme on the basis of Seos work, which is insensitive to geometric distortions as well as common image processing operations. Our scheme is mainly composed of three components: 1) feature selection procedure based on graph theoretical clustering algorithm is applied to obtain a set of stable and nonoverlapped ACRs; 2) for each chosen ACR, local normalization, and orientation alignment are performed to generate a geometrically invariant region, which can obviously improve the robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme; and 3) in order to prevent the degradation in image quality caused by the normalization and inverse normalization, indirect inverse normalization is adopted to achieve a good compromise between the imperceptibility and robustness. Experiments are carried out on an image set of 100 images collected from Internet, and the preliminary results demonstrate that the developed method improves the performance over some representative image watermarking approaches in terms of robustness. © 2006 IEEE.

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