Induction of Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells Using Mutagen-Antioxidant Conjugated Self-Assembled Novel Carbazole Nanoparticles and In Silico Modeling Studies.

Anand, K; Abdul, NS; Ghazi, T; Ramesh, M; Gupta, G; Tambuwala, MM; Dureja, H; Singh, SK; Chellappan, DK; Dua, K; Pandi, B; Saravanan, M; Chuturgoon, AA

Induction of Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells Using Mutagen-Antioxidant Conjugated Self-Assembled Novel Carbazole Nanoparticles and In Silico Modeling Studies.

Anand, K Abdul, NS Ghazi, T Ramesh, M Gupta, G Tambuwala, MM Dureja, H Singh, SK Chellappan, DK Dua, K

Pandi, B Saravanan, M Chuturgoon, AA

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Publisher:: American Chemical Society
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: ACS Omega, 2021, 6, (1), pp. 265-277
Issue Date:: 2021-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Anand, K
dc.contributor.author	Abdul, NS
dc.contributor.author	Ghazi, T
dc.contributor.author	Ramesh, M
dc.contributor.author	Gupta, G
dc.contributor.author	Tambuwala, MM
dc.contributor.author	Dureja, H
dc.contributor.author	Singh, SK
dc.contributor.author	Chellappan, DK
dc.contributor.author	Dua, K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1159
dc.contributor.author	Pandi, B
dc.contributor.author	Saravanan, M
dc.contributor.author	Chuturgoon, AA
dc.date.accessioned	2021-11-09T05:22:03Z
dc.date.available	2020-12-09
dc.date.available	2021-11-09T05:22:03Z
dc.date.issued	2021-01
dc.identifier.citation	ACS Omega, 2021, 6, (1), pp. 265-277
dc.identifier.issn	2470-1343
dc.identifier.issn	2470-1343
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151456
dc.description.abstract	In this study, novel self-assembled carbazole-thiooctanoic acid nanoparticles (CTNs) were synthesized from amino carbazole (a mutagen) and thiooctanoic acid (an antioxidant). The nanoparticles were characterized using hyperspectral techniques. Then, the antiproliferative potential of CTNs was determined in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. This study employed a solvent-antisolvent interaction method to synthesize a spherical CTN of size less than 50 nm. Moreover, CT was subsequently capped to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the additional comparative studies. The CT derivative was synthesized from carbazole and lipoic acid by the amide bond formation reaction using a coupling agent. Furthermore, it was characterized using infrared (IR), <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The CT-capped gold nanoparticles (CTAuNPs) were prepared from CT, chloroauric acid, and NaBH<sub>4</sub>. The CTAuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible, high-resolution TEM, DLS, and Fourier transform IR techniques. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing ability of both nanoparticles were determined in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrate that CTNs exhibit antiproliferative activity in the cancerous HepG2 cells. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of CT against human EGFR suppressor protein to gain more insights into the binding mode of the CT, which may show a significant role in anticancer therapy.
dc.format	Electronic-eCollection
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	American Chemical Society
dc.relation.ispartof	ACS Omega
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1021/acsomega.0c04461
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0904 Chemical Engineering, 0912 Materials Engineering
dc.title	Induction of Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells Using Mutagen-Antioxidant Conjugated Self-Assembled Novel Carbazole Nanoparticles and In Silico Modeling Studies.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	6
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	0912 Materials Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Pharmacy
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2021-11-09T05:21:56Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	6
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

In this study, novel self-assembled carbazole-thiooctanoic acid nanoparticles (CTNs) were synthesized from amino carbazole (a mutagen) and thiooctanoic acid (an antioxidant). The nanoparticles were characterized using hyperspectral techniques. Then, the antiproliferative potential of CTNs was determined in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. This study employed a solvent-antisolvent interaction method to synthesize a spherical CTN of size less than 50 nm. Moreover, CT was subsequently capped to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the additional comparative studies. The CT derivative was synthesized from carbazole and lipoic acid by the amide bond formation reaction using a coupling agent. Furthermore, it was characterized using infrared (IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The CT-capped gold nanoparticles (CTAuNPs) were prepared from CT, chloroauric acid, and NaBH₄. The CTAuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible, high-resolution TEM, DLS, and Fourier transform IR techniques. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing ability of both nanoparticles were determined in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrate that CTNs exhibit antiproliferative activity in the cancerous HepG2 cells. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of CT against human EGFR suppressor protein to gain more insights into the binding mode of the CT, which may show a significant role in anticancer therapy.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151456