The fate of nitrogen and sulphur during co-liquefaction of algae and bagasse: Experimental and multi-criterion decision analysis

Obeid, F; Van, TC; Guo, B; Surawski, NC; Hornung, U; Brown, RJ; Ramirez, JA; Thomas-Hall, SR; Stephens, E; Hankamer, B; Rainey, T

The fate of nitrogen and sulphur during co-liquefaction of algae and bagasse: Experimental and multi-criterion decision analysis

Obeid, F Van, TC Guo, B Surawski, NC Hornung, U Brown, RJ Ramirez, JA Thomas-Hall, SR Stephens, E Hankamer, B Rainey, T

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Publisher:: Elsevier BV
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Biomass and Bioenergy, 2021, 151, pp. 106119-106119
Issue Date:: 2021-08-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Obeid, F
dc.contributor.author	Van, TC
dc.contributor.author	Guo, B
dc.contributor.author	Surawski, NC
dc.contributor.author	Hornung, U
dc.contributor.author	Brown, RJ
dc.contributor.author	Ramirez, JA
dc.contributor.author	Thomas-Hall, SR
dc.contributor.author	Stephens, E
dc.contributor.author	Hankamer, B
dc.contributor.author	Rainey, T
dc.date.accessioned	2021-11-12T06:53:10Z
dc.date.available	2021-11-12T06:53:10Z
dc.date.issued	2021-08-01
dc.identifier.citation	Biomass and Bioenergy, 2021, 151, pp. 106119-106119
dc.identifier.issn	0961-9534
dc.identifier.issn	1873-2909
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151542
dc.description.abstract	The removal of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) from biocrude oil produced using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), is important for the production of high quality renewable fuels. Here the effect of co-liquefaction of bagasse and algae was analysed. Algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Cyanobacteria) were mixed with bagasse (1:1) subjected to HTL at 250–350 °C for 10–60 min. Higher HTL temperatures had a positive effect in increasing the biocrude yield and slightly reduced N content; S did not show a consistent trend. Most of the nitrogen (~66%) and sulphur (~80%) were recovered in the aqueous phase rather than in the biocrude phase, opening the opportunity to recycle these nutrients for algae cultivation. Co-liquefying bagasse with algae improved the biocrude yield (54 wt%) compared to pure Cyanobacteria (47.5 wt%). It also reduced N content from 7 wt% (Cyanobacteria biocrude) to 4.2 wt% (Cyanobacteria: Bagasse) and S from 0.7 wt% to 0.4 wt%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis identified that biocrude yield is positively correlated with the initial lipid content and anti-correlated with the carbohydrates fraction. Biocrude N content is closely related to the initial amount of proteins in the algae. The Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations and its descriptive complement Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (PROMETHEE and GAIA) analysis ranked the co-liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris and bagasse (1:1) at 350 °C and 60 min as one of the best overall combination in terms of biocrude yield, N and S content.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier BV
dc.relation.ispartof	Biomass and Bioenergy
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106119
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 09 Engineering, 10 Technology
dc.subject.classification	Energy
dc.title	The fate of nitrogen and sulphur during co-liquefaction of algae and bagasse: Experimental and multi-criterion decision analysis
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	151
utslib.for	07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
utslib.for	10 Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-11-12T06:53:09Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	151

Abstract:

The removal of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) from biocrude oil produced using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), is important for the production of high quality renewable fuels. Here the effect of co-liquefaction of bagasse and algae was analysed. Algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Cyanobacteria) were mixed with bagasse (1:1) subjected to HTL at 250–350 °C for 10–60 min. Higher HTL temperatures had a positive effect in increasing the biocrude yield and slightly reduced N content; S did not show a consistent trend. Most of the nitrogen (~66%) and sulphur (~80%) were recovered in the aqueous phase rather than in the biocrude phase, opening the opportunity to recycle these nutrients for algae cultivation. Co-liquefying bagasse with algae improved the biocrude yield (54 wt%) compared to pure Cyanobacteria (47.5 wt%). It also reduced N content from 7 wt% (Cyanobacteria biocrude) to 4.2 wt% (Cyanobacteria: Bagasse) and S from 0.7 wt% to 0.4 wt%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis identified that biocrude yield is positively correlated with the initial lipid content and anti-correlated with the carbohydrates fraction. Biocrude N content is closely related to the initial amount of proteins in the algae. The Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations and its descriptive complement Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (PROMETHEE and GAIA) analysis ranked the co-liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris and bagasse (1:1) at 350 °C and 60 min as one of the best overall combination in terms of biocrude yield, N and S content.

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