Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies

Varas-Doval, R; Saéz-Benito, L; Gastelurrutia, MA; Benrimoj, SI; Garcia-Cardenas, V; Martinez-Martínez, F

Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies

Varas-Doval, R Saéz-Benito, L Gastelurrutia, MA Benrimoj, SI Garcia-Cardenas, V Martinez-Martínez, F

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Publisher:: BioMed Central
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: BMC Health Services Research, 2021, 21, (1), pp. 1-13
Issue Date:: 2021-02-17

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Varas-Doval, R
dc.contributor.author	Saéz-Benito, L
dc.contributor.author	Gastelurrutia, MA
dc.contributor.author	Benrimoj, SI
dc.contributor.author	Garcia-Cardenas, V
dc.contributor.author	Martinez-Martínez, F
dc.date.accessioned	2021-11-25T03:50:35Z
dc.date.available	2021-02-03
dc.date.available	2021-11-25T03:50:35Z
dc.date.issued	2021-02-17
dc.identifier.citation	BMC Health Services Research, 2021, 21, (1), pp. 1-13
dc.identifier.issn	1472-6963
dc.identifier.issn	1472-6963
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151834
dc.description.abstract	Background Implementation of Professional Pharmacy Services (PPSs) requires a demonstration of the service’s impact (efficacy) and its effectiveness. Several systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCT) have shown the efficacy of PPSs in patient’s outcomes in community pharmacy. There is, however, a need to determine the level of evidence on the effectiveness of PPSs in daily practice by means of pragmatic trials. To identify and analyse pragmatic RCTs that measure the effectiveness of PPSs in clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the community pharmacy setting. Methods A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCIELO. The search was performed on January 31, 2020. Papers were assessed against the following inclusion criteria (1) The intervention could be defined as a PPS; (2) Undertaken in a community pharmacy setting; (3) Was an original paper; (4) Reported quantitative measures of at least one health outcome indicator (ECHO model); (5) The design was considered as a pragmatic RCT, that is, it fulfilled 3 predefined attributes. External validity was analyzed with PRECIS- 2 tool. Results The search strategy retrieved 1,587 papers. A total of 12 pragmatic RCTs assessing 5 different types of PPSs were included. Nine out of the 12 papers showed positive statistically significant differences in one or more of the primary outcomes (clinical, economic or humanistic) that could be associated with the following PPS: Smoking cessation, Dispensing/Adherence service, Independent prescribing and MTM. No paper reported on cost-effectiveness outcomes. Conclusions There is limited available evidence on the effectiveness of community-based PPS. Pragmatic RCTs to evaluate clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of PPS are needed.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	BioMed Central
dc.relation.ispartof	BMC Health Services Research
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1186/s12913-021-06150-8
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0807 Library and Information Studies, 1110 Nursing, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
dc.subject.classification	Health Policy & Services
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Pharmacies
dc.subject.mesh	Community Pharmacy Services
dc.subject.mesh	Pharmaceutical Services
dc.subject.mesh	Cost-Benefit Analysis
dc.subject.mesh	Delivery of Health Care
dc.subject.mesh	Community Pharmacy Services
dc.subject.mesh	Cost-Benefit Analysis
dc.subject.mesh	Delivery of Health Care
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Pharmaceutical Services
dc.subject.mesh	Pharmacies
dc.title	Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	21
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	0807 Library and Information Studies
utslib.for	1110 Nursing
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Pharmacy
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2021-11-25T03:50:34Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	21
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

Background Implementation of Professional Pharmacy Services (PPSs) requires a demonstration of the service’s impact (efficacy) and its effectiveness. Several systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCT) have shown the efficacy of PPSs in patient’s outcomes in community pharmacy. There is, however, a need to determine the level of evidence on the effectiveness of PPSs in daily practice by means of pragmatic trials. To identify and analyse pragmatic RCTs that measure the effectiveness of PPSs in clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the community pharmacy setting. Methods A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCIELO. The search was performed on January 31, 2020. Papers were assessed against the following inclusion criteria (1) The intervention could be defined as a PPS; (2) Undertaken in a community pharmacy setting; (3) Was an original paper; (4) Reported quantitative measures of at least one health outcome indicator (ECHO model); (5) The design was considered as a pragmatic RCT, that is, it fulfilled 3 predefined attributes. External validity was analyzed with PRECIS- 2 tool. Results The search strategy retrieved 1,587 papers. A total of 12 pragmatic RCTs assessing 5 different types of PPSs were included. Nine out of the 12 papers showed positive statistically significant differences in one or more of the primary outcomes (clinical, economic or humanistic) that could be associated with the following PPS: Smoking cessation, Dispensing/Adherence service, Independent prescribing and MTM. No paper reported on cost-effectiveness outcomes. Conclusions There is limited available evidence on the effectiveness of community-based PPS. Pragmatic RCTs to evaluate clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of PPS are needed.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151834