Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts

Zhao, YX; Gao, BY; Shon, HK; Cao, BC; Kim, JH

Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts

Zhao, YX Gao, BY Shon, HK

Cao, BC Kim, JH

Permalink

Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 185 (2-3), pp. 1536 - 1542
Issue Date:: 2011-01-30

Closed Access

	Filename	Description	Size
	2010000155OK.pdf		422.28 kB	Adobe PDF	View/Open

Copyright Clearance Process

Recently Added
In Progress
Closed Access

This item is closed access and not available.

Full metadata record

Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhao, YX	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Gao, BY	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Shon, HK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7169	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Cao, BC	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Kim, JH	en_US
dc.date.available	2010-10-20	en_US
dc.date.issued	2011-01-30	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 185 (2-3), pp. 1536 - 1542	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0304-3894	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/15385
dc.description.abstract	In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl3), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl4 flocculation achieved higher removal of UV254 (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl4 flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl4 flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801μm) occurring within 8min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al2(SO4)3, PFS, FeCl3 and TiCl4 was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl4 coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl4 flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Hazardous Materials	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.084	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Strategic, Defence & Security Studies	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Iron	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Aluminum	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Titanium	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Salts	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Adsorption	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Flocculation	en_US
dc.title	Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	2-3	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	185	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	05 Environmental Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	2-3	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	185	en_US

Abstract:

In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl3), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl4 flocculation achieved higher removal of UV254 (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl4 flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl4 flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801μm) occurring within 8min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al2(SO4)3, PFS, FeCl3 and TiCl4 was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl4 coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl4 flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/15385