The Block Propagation in Blockchain-based Vehicular Networks

Zhang, X; Xia, W; Wang, X; Liu, J; Cui, Q; Tao, X; Liu, RP

The Block Propagation in Blockchain-based Vehicular Networks

Zhang, X Xia, W Wang, X Liu, J Cui, Q Tao, X Liu, RP

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Publisher:: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, PP, (99), pp. 1-1
Issue Date:: 2021-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, X
dc.contributor.author	Xia, W
dc.contributor.author	Wang, X
dc.contributor.author	Liu, J
dc.contributor.author	Cui, Q
dc.contributor.author	Tao, X
dc.contributor.author	Liu, RP
dc.date.accessioned	2022-06-03T03:06:14Z
dc.date.available	2022-06-03T03:06:14Z
dc.date.issued	2021-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, PP, (99), pp. 1-1
dc.identifier.issn	2327-4662
dc.identifier.issn	2327-4662
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/157894
dc.description.abstract	Consensus is one of the most important issues of a blockchain system because it is a necessary process to reach an agreement between a group of separated nodes that do not trust each other in a decentralized framework. Most existing blockchain consensus works assume that the time of block propagation among separated nodes during the consensus process is ignorable, i.e., a block always successfully reaches every participating node during a period of time that is far shorter than the mining time. However, when blockchain is used in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), the block propagation time is no longer negligible since the dynamic connectivity of the moving nodes in a wireless environment brings opportunistic communication to blockchain consensus. In this paper, we study the impact of mobility on block propagation under the single-chain structure in VANET. Specifically, we investigate the dynamics of block propagation from the macroscopic view and derive the closed-form expression of the single-block propagation time. Then, we characterize the blockchain forking as the multi-block competitive propagation. In this way, an approximate result on multi-block propagation time is discussed. An interesting finding is that higher mobility and more moving vehicles can speed up the block propagation. In addition, we also discover that distinct propagation capabilities of moving nodes contribute to the forking reduction in the blockchain consensus.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Internet of Things Journal
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/JIOT.2021.3074924
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0805 Distributed Computing, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.title	The Block Propagation in Blockchain-based Vehicular Networks
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	PP
utslib.for	0805 Distributed Computing
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - GBDTC - Global Big Data Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-06-03T03:06:12Z
pubs.issue	99
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	PP
utslib.citation.issue	99

Abstract:

Consensus is one of the most important issues of a blockchain system because it is a necessary process to reach an agreement between a group of separated nodes that do not trust each other in a decentralized framework. Most existing blockchain consensus works assume that the time of block propagation among separated nodes during the consensus process is ignorable, i.e., a block always successfully reaches every participating node during a period of time that is far shorter than the mining time. However, when blockchain is used in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), the block propagation time is no longer negligible since the dynamic connectivity of the moving nodes in a wireless environment brings opportunistic communication to blockchain consensus. In this paper, we study the impact of mobility on block propagation under the single-chain structure in VANET. Specifically, we investigate the dynamics of block propagation from the macroscopic view and derive the closed-form expression of the single-block propagation time. Then, we characterize the blockchain forking as the multi-block competitive propagation. In this way, an approximate result on multi-block propagation time is discussed. An interesting finding is that higher mobility and more moving vehicles can speed up the block propagation. In addition, we also discover that distinct propagation capabilities of moving nodes contribute to the forking reduction in the blockchain consensus.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/157894