An international comparison of pool lifeguard requirements and qualifications

Publisher:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Citation:
European Journal of Public Health, 2020, 30, (Supplement_5)
Issue Date:
2020-09-01
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Abstract Background Drowning is one of the leading causes of the global burden of morbidity and injury-related deaths. In highly industrialised countries, death and injuries from drowning are commonly associated with recreational activities and disproportionately affect minors. In aquatic facilities, drowning is often the result of risky behaviours and management issues. Pool lifeguards are an important factor in lowering the drowning burden. However, research on lifeguard training and formal requirements is scarce. Methods The aim of this study was to review official and unofficial (training) requirements for pool lifeguards in 24 high-income countries. Information was extracted from (1) legislative databases, (2) publicly available information from governmental and non-governmental organisations as well as a (3) cross-sectional survey on training and employment practices sent out to specialist organisations and aquatic facilities. Results All jurisdictions had a minimum standard for physical fitness, swimming ability, eligible minimum age, and further training and qualification requirements. However, the depth and length of further training differed drastically between jurisdictions and many of these standards were 'de-facto' industry standards rather than legislated. Only some jurisdictions had regulations regarding visual and hearing impairments (n = 13) or infectious and chronic conditions (n = 13). Only three jurisdictions had a character requirement. Conclusions Pool lifeguards are an important factor in preventing injury and death from drowning and require a high-level of physical endurance, first aid and rescue knowledge as well as analytical skills to be effective. A stronger legislated regulation of pool lifeguard requirements may be effective in reducing risk of drowning. Key messages Pool lifeguards are an important factor in preventing injury and death from drowning and require high-level physical endurance, first aid/rescue knowledge as well as analytical skills to be effective. A stronger legislated regulation of pool lifeguard requirements may be effective in reducing risk of drowning.
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