Australian athletes’ knowledge of the WADA Prohibited Substances List and performance enhancing substances

Orr, R; Grassney, M; Macniven, R; Grunseit, A; Halaki, M; Bauman, A

Australian athletes’ knowledge of the WADA Prohibited Substances List and performance enhancing substances

Orr, R Grassney, M Macniven, R Grunseit, A

Halaki, M Bauman, A

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018, 56, pp. 40-45
Issue Date:: 2018

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Orr, R
dc.contributor.author	Grassney, M
dc.contributor.author	Macniven, R
dc.contributor.author	Grunseit, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-4596
dc.contributor.author	Halaki, M
dc.contributor.author	Bauman, A
dc.date.accessioned	2022-09-04T21:49:28Z
dc.date.available	2018-02-27
dc.date.available	2022-09-04T21:49:28Z
dc.date.issued	2018
dc.identifier.citation	International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018, 56, pp. 40-45
dc.identifier.issn	0955-3959
dc.identifier.issn	1873-4758
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/161342
dc.description.abstract	Background This study investigated athlete knowledge of the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances List and the effects of four well-known performance enhancing substances (PES). Methods A sample of 1925 elite and sub-elite athletes (mean age 20.6 years) completed a questionnaire about the banned status of 30 substances/methods and their knowledge of the effects of amphetamines, anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin. Results Athletes showed limited understanding of the WADA Prohibited Substances List, scoring 32.2% correct, 36.3% incorrect, and 31.4% indicated they did not know the status of 30 substances. Responses of >50% correct were given for only eight substances/method: anabolic steroids, amphetamines, blood doping, erythropoietin, caffeine, vitamins/minerals, protein powders and iron. Athletes demonstrated moderate knowledge of the desired effects of the four PES (49% correct), but poor knowledge of their adverse effects (29% correct). Age, sex, ethnicity, professional/amateur status, and current competition level were significant predictors of the number of correct responses (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.05). Athletes most likely to provide correct responses were male, 19–22 year-olds, Caucasian, professional and international representatives. Conclusion This comprehensive study of anti-doping demonstrated that Australian athletes had limited knowledge of a wide range of substances and PES. Better targeted drug education towards younger and non-professional athletes and evaluation of current anti-doping programs are warranted.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	International Journal of Drug Policy
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.02.025
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	11 Medical and Health Sciences, 16 Studies in Human Society, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Substance Abuse
dc.subject.mesh	Adolescent
dc.subject.mesh	Athletes
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	Doping in Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Performance-Enhancing Substances
dc.subject.mesh	Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
dc.subject.mesh	Doping in Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Adolescent
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Athletes
dc.subject.mesh	Performance-Enhancing Substances
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.title	Australian athletes’ knowledge of the WADA Prohibited Substances List and performance enhancing substances
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	56
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
utslib.for	11 Medical and Health Sciences
utslib.for	16 Studies in Human Society
utslib.for	17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Public Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-09-04T21:49:27Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	56

Abstract:

Background This study investigated athlete knowledge of the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances List and the effects of four well-known performance enhancing substances (PES). Methods A sample of 1925 elite and sub-elite athletes (mean age 20.6 years) completed a questionnaire about the banned status of 30 substances/methods and their knowledge of the effects of amphetamines, anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin. Results Athletes showed limited understanding of the WADA Prohibited Substances List, scoring 32.2% correct, 36.3% incorrect, and 31.4% indicated they did not know the status of 30 substances. Responses of >50% correct were given for only eight substances/method: anabolic steroids, amphetamines, blood doping, erythropoietin, caffeine, vitamins/minerals, protein powders and iron. Athletes demonstrated moderate knowledge of the desired effects of the four PES (49% correct), but poor knowledge of their adverse effects (29% correct). Age, sex, ethnicity, professional/amateur status, and current competition level were significant predictors of the number of correct responses (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.05). Athletes most likely to provide correct responses were male, 19–22 year-olds, Caucasian, professional and international representatives. Conclusion This comprehensive study of anti-doping demonstrated that Australian athletes had limited knowledge of a wide range of substances and PES. Better targeted drug education towards younger and non-professional athletes and evaluation of current anti-doping programs are warranted.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/161342