Life cycle assessment of rare earth production from monazite

Browning, C; Northey, S; Haque, N; Bruckard, W; Cooksey, M

Life cycle assessment of rare earth production from monazite

Browning, C Northey, S

Haque, N Bruckard, W Cooksey, M

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Publisher:: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
Publication Type:: Chapter
Citation:: REWAS 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability, 2016, pp. 83-88
Issue Date:: 2016-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Browning, C
dc.contributor.author	Northey, S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-8842
dc.contributor.author	Haque, N
dc.contributor.author	Bruckard, W
dc.contributor.author	Cooksey, M
dc.contributor.editor	Kirchain, RE
dc.contributor.editor	Blanpain, B
dc.contributor.editor	Meskers, C
dc.contributor.editor	Olivetti, E
dc.contributor.editor	Apelian, D
dc.contributor.editor	Howarter, J
dc.contributor.editor	Kvithyld, A
dc.contributor.editor	Mishra, B
dc.contributor.editor	Neelameggham, NR
dc.contributor.editor	Spangenberger, J
dc.date.accessioned	2022-11-14T19:39:59Z
dc.date.available	2022-11-14T19:39:59Z
dc.date.issued	2016-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	REWAS 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability, 2016, pp. 83-88
dc.identifier.isbn	9781119225812
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163461
dc.description.abstract	The environmental life cycle impacts of conceptual rare earth production processes were assessed. An average greenhouse gas emission of 65.4 kg CO2e/kg was estimated for the 15 rare earths produced from monazite, ranging from 21.3 kg CO2e/kg for europium to 197.9 kg CO2e/kg for yttrium. The average water consumption of rare earth production was 11,170 kg/kg ranging from 3,803 kg/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 29,902 kg/kg for yttrium. The average gross energy requirement for production was 917 MJ/kg, ranging from 311 MJ/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 3,401 MJ/kg for yttrium. Given the low concentration of HREE in monazite, the high impacts across all categories for yttrium and other HREE are not necessarily representative of HREE sourced from all rare earth resources. Further studies into other rare earth mineral resources (e.g. bastnasite and xenotime) are recommended to improve the overall understanding of environmental impacts from rare earth production.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	REWAS 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/978-3-319-48768-7_12
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.title	Life cycle assessment of rare earth production from monazite
dc.type	Chapter
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/DVC (Research)
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/DVC (Research)/Institute For Sustainable Futures
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-11-14T19:39:58Z
pubs.publication-status	Published

Abstract:

The environmental life cycle impacts of conceptual rare earth production processes were assessed. An average greenhouse gas emission of 65.4 kg CO2e/kg was estimated for the 15 rare earths produced from monazite, ranging from 21.3 kg CO2e/kg for europium to 197.9 kg CO2e/kg for yttrium. The average water consumption of rare earth production was 11,170 kg/kg ranging from 3,803 kg/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 29,902 kg/kg for yttrium. The average gross energy requirement for production was 917 MJ/kg, ranging from 311 MJ/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 3,401 MJ/kg for yttrium. Given the low concentration of HREE in monazite, the high impacts across all categories for yttrium and other HREE are not necessarily representative of HREE sourced from all rare earth resources. Further studies into other rare earth mineral resources (e.g. bastnasite and xenotime) are recommended to improve the overall understanding of environmental impacts from rare earth production.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163461