Phytantriol-Based Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Attenuate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages

Alnuqaydan, AM; Almutary, AG; Azam, M; Manandhar, B; De Rubis, G; Madheswaran, T; Paudel, KR; Hansbro, PM; Chellappan, DK; Dua, K

Phytantriol-Based Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Attenuate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages

Alnuqaydan, AM Almutary, AG Azam, M Manandhar, B

De Rubis, G Madheswaran, T Paudel, KR Hansbro, PM Chellappan, DK Dua, K

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Publisher:: MDPI AG
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Nanomaterials, 12, (23), pp. 4312-4312

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Alnuqaydan, AM
dc.contributor.author	Almutary, AG
dc.contributor.author	Azam, M
dc.contributor.author	Manandhar, B https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-6954
dc.contributor.author	De Rubis, G
dc.contributor.author	Madheswaran, T
dc.contributor.author	Paudel, KR
dc.contributor.author	Hansbro, PM
dc.contributor.author	Chellappan, DK
dc.contributor.author	Dua, K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1159
dc.date.accessioned	2022-12-05T12:27:24Z
dc.date.available	2022-12-05T12:27:24Z
dc.identifier.citation	Nanomaterials, 12, (23), pp. 4312-4312
dc.identifier.issn	2079-4991
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164135
dc.description.abstract	<jats:p>Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated processes that represent the underlying causes of several chronic inflammatory diseases that include asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are key initiators of inflammatory processes in the body. When triggered by a stimulus such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), these cells secrete inflammatory cytokines namely TNF-α that orchestrate the cellular inflammatory process. Simultaneously, pro-inflammatory stimuli induce the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which catalyzes the generation of high levels of nitric oxide (NO). This, together with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by macrophages, mediate oxidative stress which, in turn, exacerbates inflammation in a feedback loop, resulting in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Berberine is a phytochemical embedded with potent in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whose therapeutic application is hindered by poor solubility and bioavailability. For this reason, large doses of berberine need to be administered to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, which may result in toxicity. Encapsulation of such a drug in liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) represents a viable strategy to overcome these limitations. We encapsulated berberine in phytantriol-based LCNs (BP-LCNs) and tested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BP-LCNs in vitro on LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. BP-LCNs showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with significant reduction in the gene expressions of TNF-α and iNOS, followed by concomitant reduction of ROS and NO production at a concentration of 2.5 µM, which is lower than the concentration of free berberine concentration required to achieve similar effects as reported elsewhere. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the suitability for BP-LCNs both as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent with potential application in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.</jats:p>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	MDPI AG
dc.relation	Qassim University10169‐camsl‐ 2020-1‐3-I
dc.relation.ispartof	Nanomaterials
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/nano12234312
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0912 Materials Engineering, 1007 Nanotechnology
dc.title	Phytantriol-Based Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Attenuate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12
utslib.for	0912 Materials Engineering
utslib.for	1007 Nanotechnology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Pharmacy
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CFI - Centre for Inflammation
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-12-05T12:27:22Z
pubs.issue	23
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	12
utslib.citation.issue	23

Abstract:

Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated processes that represent the underlying causes of several chronic inflammatory diseases that include asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are key initiators of inflammatory processes in the body. When triggered by a stimulus such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), these cells secrete inflammatory cytokines namely TNF-α that orchestrate the cellular inflammatory process. Simultaneously, pro-inflammatory stimuli induce the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which catalyzes the generation of high levels of nitric oxide (NO). This, together with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by macrophages, mediate oxidative stress which, in turn, exacerbates inflammation in a feedback loop, resulting in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Berberine is a phytochemical embedded with potent in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whose therapeutic application is hindered by poor solubility and bioavailability. For this reason, large doses of berberine need to be administered to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, which may result in toxicity. Encapsulation of such a drug in liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) represents a viable strategy to overcome these limitations. We encapsulated berberine in phytantriol-based LCNs (BP-LCNs) and tested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BP-LCNs in vitro on LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. BP-LCNs showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with significant reduction in the gene expressions of TNF-α and iNOS, followed by concomitant reduction of ROS and NO production at a concentration of 2.5 µM, which is lower than the concentration of free berberine concentration required to achieve similar effects as reported elsewhere. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the suitability for BP-LCNs both as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent with potential application in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164135