Zero Waste Discharge in Wastewater Reclamation System for Small Cities

Naidu, G; Johir, M; Shanmuganathan, S; Listowski, A; Vigneswaran, S

Zero Waste Discharge in Wastewater Reclamation System for Small Cities

Naidu, G Johir, M

Shanmuganathan, S Listowski, A Vigneswaran, S

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Publisher:: Springer
Publication Type:: Conference Proceeding
Citation:: 2019, 3, pp. 207-215
Issue Date:: 2019-01-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Naidu, G
dc.contributor.author	Johir, M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-6943
dc.contributor.author	Shanmuganathan, S
dc.contributor.author	Listowski, A
dc.contributor.author	Vigneswaran, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-4322
dc.contributor.editor	Ghosh, SK
dc.date	2017-12-15
dc.date.accessioned	2023-01-01T23:17:05Z
dc.date.available	2023-01-01T23:17:05Z
dc.date.issued	2019-01-15
dc.identifier.citation	2019, 3, pp. 207-215
dc.identifier.isbn	978-981-13-2618-9
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164609
dc.description.abstract	Presently, wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) are widely adopting reverse osmosis (RO) as a polishing treatment in the final operation stage. Sydney Olympic Park Authority’s (SOPAs) WRP adopts a treatment operation of combined biological treatment, microfiltration and lastly RO. RO advantage is in maintaining a consistently good quality standard of water. Nevertheless, major limitations of using RO in SOPAs WRP are (a) high cost of RO and fouling susceptibility and (b) production of substantially large volume of wastewater RO concentrate (WWROC). The aim(s) of this study were to evaluate methods to overcome both these limitations by (i) investigating the integration of nanofiltration (NF) prior to RO to reduce cost and fouling issues; and (ii) evaluating the performance of membrane distillation (MD) for treating WWROC to achieve zero waste discharge. The results of this study highlighted (i) blending NF and RO permeate, acquired from a hybrid two-stage NF–RO process resulted in a water quality suited for irrigation. Utilizing NF prior to RO, reduced RO membrane fouling was more cost-effective compared to direct RO application. The hybrid NF–RO removed most of the micropollutants and therefore achieved reuse water quality that was safe to be applied for irrigation; and (ii) MD displayed minimal flux decline (13–15%) at 85% water recovery of WWROC and achieved freshwater with high quality (10–15 μS/cm, 99% ion rejection). The organic contents of micropollutants in WWROC were effectively reduced with granular activated carbon (GAC). This enabled to achieve good quality water (micropollutants-free) by MD with the potential of reuse.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Springer
dc.relation.ispartof	International Conference of the Society for Wastewater Management
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_16
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.title	Zero Waste Discharge in Wastewater Reclamation System for Small Cities
dc.type	Conference Proceeding
utslib.citation.volume	3
utslib.location.activity	Hyderabad
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2023-01-01T23:17:04Z
pubs.finish-date	2017-12-17
pubs.place-of-publication	Singapore
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.start-date	2017-12-15
pubs.volume	3
dc.location	Singapore

Abstract:

Presently, wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) are widely adopting reverse osmosis (RO) as a polishing treatment in the final operation stage. Sydney Olympic Park Authority’s (SOPAs) WRP adopts a treatment operation of combined biological treatment, microfiltration and lastly RO. RO advantage is in maintaining a consistently good quality standard of water. Nevertheless, major limitations of using RO in SOPAs WRP are (a) high cost of RO and fouling susceptibility and (b) production of substantially large volume of wastewater RO concentrate (WWROC). The aim(s) of this study were to evaluate methods to overcome both these limitations by (i) investigating the integration of nanofiltration (NF) prior to RO to reduce cost and fouling issues; and (ii) evaluating the performance of membrane distillation (MD) for treating WWROC to achieve zero waste discharge. The results of this study highlighted (i) blending NF and RO permeate, acquired from a hybrid two-stage NF–RO process resulted in a water quality suited for irrigation. Utilizing NF prior to RO, reduced RO membrane fouling was more cost-effective compared to direct RO application. The hybrid NF–RO removed most of the micropollutants and therefore achieved reuse water quality that was safe to be applied for irrigation; and (ii) MD displayed minimal flux decline (13–15%) at 85% water recovery of WWROC and achieved freshwater with high quality (10–15 μS/cm, 99% ion rejection). The organic contents of micropollutants in WWROC were effectively reduced with granular activated carbon (GAC). This enabled to achieve good quality water (micropollutants-free) by MD with the potential of reuse.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164609