State of the Art of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Fattah, I; Ong, HC; Mahlia, TMI; Mofijur, M; Silitonga, AS; Ashrafur Rahman, SM; Ahmad, A

State of the Art of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Fattah, I

Ong, HC Mahlia, TMI Mofijur, M Silitonga, AS Ashrafur Rahman, SM Ahmad, A

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Publisher:: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Energy Research, 2020, 8
Issue Date:: 2020-06-19

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Fattah, I https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-4074
dc.contributor.author	Ong, HC
dc.contributor.author	Mahlia, TMI
dc.contributor.author	Mofijur, M
dc.contributor.author	Silitonga, AS
dc.contributor.author	Ashrafur Rahman, SM
dc.contributor.author	Ahmad, A
dc.date.accessioned	2023-03-22T01:11:46Z
dc.date.available	2023-03-22T01:11:46Z
dc.date.issued	2020-06-19
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Energy Research, 2020, 8
dc.identifier.issn	2296-598X
dc.identifier.issn	2296-598X
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/168033
dc.description.abstract	© Copyright © 2020 Rizwanul Fattah, Ong, Mahlia, Mofijur, Silitonga, Rahman and Ahmad. Biodiesel is one of the potential alternative energy sources that can be derived from renewable and low-grade origin through different processes. One of the processes is alcoholysis or transesterification in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The catalyst can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. This article reviews various catalysts used for biodiesel production to date, presents the state of the art of types of catalysts, and compares their suitability and associated challenges in the transesterification process. Biodiesel production using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has been studied extensively, and novel heterogeneous catalysts are being continuously investigated. Homogeneous catalysts are generally efficient in converting biodiesel with low free fatty acid (FFA) and water containing single-origin feedstock. Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, provide superior activity, range of selectivity, good FFA, and water adaptability. The quantity and strengths of active acid or basic sites control these properties. Some of the heterogeneous catalysts such as zirconia and zeolite-based catalysts can be used as both basic and acidic catalyst by suitable alteration. Heterogeneous catalysts from waste and biocatalysts play an essential role in attaining a sustainable alternative to traditional homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Recently, high catalytic efficiency at mild operating conditions has drawn attention to nanocatalysts. This review evaluates state of the art and perspectives for catalytic biodiesel production and assesses the critical operational variables that influence biodiesel production along with the technological solutions for sustainable implementation of the process.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Energy Research
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fenrg.2020.00101
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	State of the Art of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	8
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	1007 Nanotechnology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2023-03-22T01:11:45Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	8

Abstract:

© Copyright © 2020 Rizwanul Fattah, Ong, Mahlia, Mofijur, Silitonga, Rahman and Ahmad. Biodiesel is one of the potential alternative energy sources that can be derived from renewable and low-grade origin through different processes. One of the processes is alcoholysis or transesterification in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The catalyst can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. This article reviews various catalysts used for biodiesel production to date, presents the state of the art of types of catalysts, and compares their suitability and associated challenges in the transesterification process. Biodiesel production using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has been studied extensively, and novel heterogeneous catalysts are being continuously investigated. Homogeneous catalysts are generally efficient in converting biodiesel with low free fatty acid (FFA) and water containing single-origin feedstock. Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, provide superior activity, range of selectivity, good FFA, and water adaptability. The quantity and strengths of active acid or basic sites control these properties. Some of the heterogeneous catalysts such as zirconia and zeolite-based catalysts can be used as both basic and acidic catalyst by suitable alteration. Heterogeneous catalysts from waste and biocatalysts play an essential role in attaining a sustainable alternative to traditional homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Recently, high catalytic efficiency at mild operating conditions has drawn attention to nanocatalysts. This review evaluates state of the art and perspectives for catalytic biodiesel production and assesses the critical operational variables that influence biodiesel production along with the technological solutions for sustainable implementation of the process.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/168033