Highly Sensitive Differential Microwave Sensor for Soil Moisture Measurement

Keshavarz, R; Lipman, J; Schreurs, DMMP; Shariati, N

Highly Sensitive Differential Microwave Sensor for Soil Moisture Measurement

Keshavarz, R

Lipman, J

Schreurs, DMMP Shariati, N

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21, (24), pp. 27458-27464
Issue Date:: 2021-12-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Keshavarz, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6769
dc.contributor.author	Lipman, J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-1168
dc.contributor.author	Schreurs, DMMP
dc.contributor.author	Shariati, N
dc.date.accessioned	2023-03-23T01:22:44Z
dc.date.available	2023-03-23T01:22:44Z
dc.date.issued	2021-12-15
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21, (24), pp. 27458-27464
dc.identifier.issn	1530-437X
dc.identifier.issn	1558-1748
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/168135
dc.description.abstract	This paper presents a highly sensitive differential soil moisture sensor (DSMS) using a microstrip line loaded with triangular two-turn resonator (T2-SR) and complementary of the rectangular two-turn spiral resonator (CR2-SR), simultaneously. Volumetric Water Content (VWC) or permittivity sensing is conducted by loading the T2-SR side with dielectric samples. Two transmission notches are observed for identical loads relating to T2-SR and CR2-SR. The CR2-SR notch at 4.39 GHz is used as a reference for differential permittivity measurement method. Further, the resonance frequency of T2-SR is measured relative to the reference value. Based on this frequency difference, the permittivity of soil is calculated which is related to the soil VWC. Triangular two-turn resonator (T2-SR) resonance frequency changes from 4 to 2.38 GHz when VWC varies 0% to 30%. The sensor's operation principle is described through circuit model analysis and simulations. To validate the differential sensing concept, prototype of the designed 3-cell DSMS is fabricated and measured. The proposed sensor exhibits frequency shift of 110 MHz for 1% change at the highest soil moisture content (30%) for sandy-type soil. This work proves the differential microwave sensing concept for precision agriculture.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Sensors Journal
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/JSEN.2021.3125718
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0205 Optical Physics, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Analytical Chemistry
dc.title	Highly Sensitive Differential Microwave Sensor for Soil Moisture Measurement
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	21
utslib.for	0205 Optical Physics
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-03-23T01:22:43Z
pubs.issue	24
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	21
utslib.citation.issue	24

Abstract:

This paper presents a highly sensitive differential soil moisture sensor (DSMS) using a microstrip line loaded with triangular two-turn resonator (T2-SR) and complementary of the rectangular two-turn spiral resonator (CR2-SR), simultaneously. Volumetric Water Content (VWC) or permittivity sensing is conducted by loading the T2-SR side with dielectric samples. Two transmission notches are observed for identical loads relating to T2-SR and CR2-SR. The CR2-SR notch at 4.39 GHz is used as a reference for differential permittivity measurement method. Further, the resonance frequency of T2-SR is measured relative to the reference value. Based on this frequency difference, the permittivity of soil is calculated which is related to the soil VWC. Triangular two-turn resonator (T2-SR) resonance frequency changes from 4 to 2.38 GHz when VWC varies 0% to 30%. The sensor's operation principle is described through circuit model analysis and simulations. To validate the differential sensing concept, prototype of the designed 3-cell DSMS is fabricated and measured. The proposed sensor exhibits frequency shift of 110 MHz for 1% change at the highest soil moisture content (30%) for sandy-type soil. This work proves the differential microwave sensing concept for precision agriculture.

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