XX-MAC and EX-MAC: Two Variants of X-MAC Protocol for Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Afroz, F; Braun, R; Chaczko, Z

XX-MAC and EX-MAC: Two Variants of X-MAC Protocol for Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Afroz, F Braun, R

Chaczko, Z

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Publisher:: OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Ad-Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks, 2022, 51, (4), pp. 285-314
Issue Date:: 2022-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Afroz, F
dc.contributor.author	Braun, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8769
dc.contributor.author	Chaczko, Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-7510
dc.date.accessioned	2023-04-18T05:25:09Z
dc.date.available	2023-04-18T05:25:09Z
dc.date.issued	2022-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Ad-Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks, 2022, 51, (4), pp. 285-314
dc.identifier.issn	1551-9899
dc.identifier.issn	1552-0633
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/169960
dc.description.abstract	The strobed preamble approach introduced in the X-MAC protocol minimises long preamble duration, overhearing, and per-hop latency in conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, it incurs high per-packet overhead and extra delay under high traffic scenarios as it operates only in the unsynchronised state. In this paper, we model a variant of X-MAC, namely XX-MAC, which employs an adaptive dutycycling algorithm to address this issue in low data rate WSNs with short, fixed inter-packet arrival time. Furthermore, we identify the shortcoming of XX-MAC as well as propose a request-based MAC protocol, namely EX-MAC, targeting WSNs in dynamic traffic scenarios. Simulations show that at optimum slot duration, XX-MAC reduces the per-packet delay by 13.53% and 48.86% than the delay experienced by X-MAC and B-MAC, respectively. XX-MAC, on average, can deliver 92.5% of packets to the receiver, whereas X-MAC and B-MAC respectively support 91.66% and 82.91% packet delivery. XX-MAC also reduces the energy consumption per received packet by 2.61% than X-MAC, and by 65.31% than the B-MAC protocol. Experimental results also demonstrate that under variable traffic conditions, EX-MAC offers the lowest packet loss (8.55%), whilst XX-MAC and X-MAC experience 13.1% and 18.3% packet loss, respectively. EX-MAC decreases per-packet network energy consumption (3.056mJ/packet) compared with XX-MAC (3.107mJ/ packet) and X-MAC (3.424mJ/packet). Furthermore, EX-MAC minimises the mean delay per received packet by 5.758% and 10.457% (approximately) than that of XX-MAC and X-MAC, respectively.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC
dc.relation.ispartof	Ad-Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, 0805 Distributed Computing
dc.title	XX-MAC and EX-MAC: Two Variants of X-MAC Protocol for Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	51
utslib.for	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
utslib.for	0805 Distributed Computing
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CRIN - Realtime Information Networks
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - INEXT - Innovation in IT Services and Applications
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - GBDTC - Global Big Data Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-04-18T05:25:07Z
pubs.issue	4
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	51
utslib.citation.issue	4

Abstract:

The strobed preamble approach introduced in the X-MAC protocol minimises long preamble duration, overhearing, and per-hop latency in conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, it incurs high per-packet overhead and extra delay under high traffic scenarios as it operates only in the unsynchronised state. In this paper, we model a variant of X-MAC, namely XX-MAC, which employs an adaptive dutycycling algorithm to address this issue in low data rate WSNs with short, fixed inter-packet arrival time. Furthermore, we identify the shortcoming of XX-MAC as well as propose a request-based MAC protocol, namely EX-MAC, targeting WSNs in dynamic traffic scenarios. Simulations show that at optimum slot duration, XX-MAC reduces the per-packet delay by 13.53% and 48.86% than the delay experienced by X-MAC and B-MAC, respectively. XX-MAC, on average, can deliver 92.5% of packets to the receiver, whereas X-MAC and B-MAC respectively support 91.66% and 82.91% packet delivery. XX-MAC also reduces the energy consumption per received packet by 2.61% than X-MAC, and by 65.31% than the B-MAC protocol. Experimental results also demonstrate that under variable traffic conditions, EX-MAC offers the lowest packet loss (8.55%), whilst XX-MAC and X-MAC experience 13.1% and 18.3% packet loss, respectively. EX-MAC decreases per-packet network energy consumption (3.056mJ/packet) compared with XX-MAC (3.107mJ/ packet) and X-MAC (3.424mJ/packet). Furthermore, EX-MAC minimises the mean delay per received packet by 5.758% and 10.457% (approximately) than that of XX-MAC and X-MAC, respectively.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/169960