Improved Natural Mordenite as Low-Cost Catalyst for Glycerol Acetalization Into Solketal-An Effective Fuel Additive
- Publisher:
- Trans Tech Publications
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Citation:
- Materials Science Forum, 2022, 1057 MSF, pp. 71-87
- Issue Date:
- 2022-01-01
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| Improved Natural Mordenite as Low-Cost Catalyst for Glycerol Acetalization Into Solketal-An Effective Fuel Additive.pdf | Published version | 706.96 kB |
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The increase in biodiesel production results in an excessive amount of crude glycerol byproduct. Therefore, production of solketal –an effective additive of gasoline fuel-from glycerol and acetone via catalytic acetalization could improve the added value of glycerol. This study investigates enhancement of natural mordenite catalytic properties through the hydrothermal recrystallization method for glycerol acetalization. The hydrothermal temperature was varied at 150, 170 and 190o C to form ZT 150, ZT 170 and ZT 190, respectively. The samples were characterized by using the x-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope-Energy dispersive X-Ray. They were later used as catalysts for glycerol acetalization with acetone. The best obtained catalyst was further studied to explore the effect of acetone to glycerol ratio. The glycerol conversion was determined using the ASTM D7637-10 titration method. Solketal product was identified by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the recrystallization temperature affected the intensity of the mordenite phase and quartz impurity phase in the modified zeolites. A high recrystallization temperature led to a higher phase of mordenite, peaking at 170o C, beyond which the quartz impurity phase increased. Glycerol acetalization conversions over zeolite parent, ZT 150, ZT 170 and ZT190 with acetone to glycerol ratio of 3 were 16.1, 30.4, 33.9 and 32.5%, respectively. When the ratio of acetone to glycerol was increased to 12, the glycerol conversion over ZT 170 catalyst reached 59%, a good starting point for further modifications. Overall finding demonstrated a straight-forward fabrication of catalyst from natural resource to enhance glycerol as the biodiesel production by-product into a higher value end-product of solketal.
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