A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer

Ashique, S; Kumar, S; Hussain, A; Mishra, N; Garg, A; Gowda, BHJ; Farid, A; Gupta, G; Dua, K; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F

A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer

Ashique, S Kumar, S Hussain, A Mishra, N Garg, A Gowda, BHJ Farid, A Gupta, G Dua, K

Taghizadeh-Hesary, F

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Publisher:: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 42, (1)

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Ashique, S
dc.contributor.author	Kumar, S
dc.contributor.author	Hussain, A
dc.contributor.author	Mishra, N
dc.contributor.author	Garg, A
dc.contributor.author	Gowda, BHJ
dc.contributor.author	Farid, A
dc.contributor.author	Gupta, G
dc.contributor.author	Dua, K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1159
dc.contributor.author	Taghizadeh-Hesary, F
dc.date.accessioned	2023-07-28T07:55:15Z
dc.date.available	2023-07-28T07:55:15Z
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 42, (1)
dc.identifier.issn	2072-1315
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/171676
dc.description.abstract	<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Springer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics, 1603 Demography
dc.subject.classification	Tropical Medicine
dc.subject.classification	3210 Nutrition and dietetics
dc.subject.classification	4206 Public health
dc.title	A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	42
utslib.for	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
utslib.for	1603 Demography
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Pharmacy
utslib.copyright.status	in_progress	*
dc.date.updated	2023-07-28T07:55:14Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	42
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

Abstract Background Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies. Methods We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review. Results Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified. Conclusions Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/171676