On safety design of vehicle for protection of vulnerable road users: A review

Lv, X; Xiao, Z; Fang, J; Li, Q; Lei, F; Sun, G

On safety design of vehicle for protection of vulnerable road users: A review

Lv, X Xiao, Z Fang, J

Li, Q Lei, F Sun, G

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 182
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Lv, X
dc.contributor.author	Xiao, Z
dc.contributor.author	Fang, J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-6108
dc.contributor.author	Li, Q
dc.contributor.author	Lei, F
dc.contributor.author	Sun, G
dc.date.accessioned	2024-02-01T03:06:42Z
dc.date.available	2024-02-01T03:06:42Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 182
dc.identifier.issn	0263-8231
dc.identifier.issn	1879-3223
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175199
dc.description.abstract	Fatal and serious injuries of vulnerable road users (VRU) occur frequently in the events of vehicle impact. Front-end crashworthiness of vehicle can considerably affect VRU injuries in impact accidents, and vehicular design signifies a key issue in automobile engineering. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art on the assessments and design of frontal structures for VRU protection through experiment, simulation and optimization methods. First, the impact-induced injury mechanisms of different human parts are evaluated. Second, different safety regulations and assessment procedures for VRU protection in the world are compared in detail, which include impact conditions, impact areas, injury indices, etc. Experimental testing platforms are outlined thoroughly for different types of VRU impacts. Third, virtual test systems for VRU protection are introduced by including multi-body system model, finite element analysis (FEA) model, and hybrid/coupling model. Fourth, a range of front-end structure designs are discussed comprehensively for reducing VRU injuries as reported in the literature. The contributions of front-end geometry and energy-absorption space on the impact responses of the head and lower extremity/pelvis of VRU are assessed. The passive and active protection designs of frontal structures, such as engine hood and bumper, are appraised in detail. A range of design optimization techniques are reviewed to highlight their effectiveness for reducing the injury of VRU. In addition, other protective measures for VRU are briefly introduced, such as helmet, wearable airbag, automatic emergency braking (AEB) system, automatic emergency steering (AES) system and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks are provided for the future research and development on VRU protection.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Thin-Walled Structures
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.tws.2022.109990
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0901 Aerospace Engineering, 0905 Civil Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Civil Engineering
dc.subject.classification	4005 Civil engineering
dc.title	On safety design of vehicle for protection of vulnerable road users: A review
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	182
utslib.for	0901 Aerospace Engineering
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-02-01T03:06:41Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	182

Abstract:

Fatal and serious injuries of vulnerable road users (VRU) occur frequently in the events of vehicle impact. Front-end crashworthiness of vehicle can considerably affect VRU injuries in impact accidents, and vehicular design signifies a key issue in automobile engineering. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art on the assessments and design of frontal structures for VRU protection through experiment, simulation and optimization methods. First, the impact-induced injury mechanisms of different human parts are evaluated. Second, different safety regulations and assessment procedures for VRU protection in the world are compared in detail, which include impact conditions, impact areas, injury indices, etc. Experimental testing platforms are outlined thoroughly for different types of VRU impacts. Third, virtual test systems for VRU protection are introduced by including multi-body system model, finite element analysis (FEA) model, and hybrid/coupling model. Fourth, a range of front-end structure designs are discussed comprehensively for reducing VRU injuries as reported in the literature. The contributions of front-end geometry and energy-absorption space on the impact responses of the head and lower extremity/pelvis of VRU are assessed. The passive and active protection designs of frontal structures, such as engine hood and bumper, are appraised in detail. A range of design optimization techniques are reviewed to highlight their effectiveness for reducing the injury of VRU. In addition, other protective measures for VRU are briefly introduced, such as helmet, wearable airbag, automatic emergency braking (AEB) system, automatic emergency steering (AES) system and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks are provided for the future research and development on VRU protection.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175199