Investigation of biochar amendments on odor reduction and their characteristics during food waste co-composting.

Nguyen, MK; Lin, C; Hoang, HG; Bui, XT; Ngo, HH; Le, VG; Tran, H-T

Investigation of biochar amendments on odor reduction and their characteristics during food waste co-composting.

Nguyen, MK Lin, C Hoang, HG Bui, XT Ngo, HH Le, VG Tran, H-T

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Sci Total Environ, 2023, 865, pp. 161128
Issue Date:: 2023-03-20

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Nguyen, MK
dc.contributor.author	Lin, C
dc.contributor.author	Hoang, HG
dc.contributor.author	Bui, XT
dc.contributor.author	Ngo, HH
dc.contributor.author	Le, VG
dc.contributor.author	Tran, H-T
dc.date.accessioned	2024-02-01T05:11:58Z
dc.date.available	2022-12-19
dc.date.available	2024-02-01T05:11:58Z
dc.date.issued	2023-03-20
dc.identifier.citation	Sci Total Environ, 2023, 865, pp. 161128
dc.identifier.issn	0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn	1879-1026
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175231
dc.description.abstract	The odor emission such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the composting process is a severe problem that adversely affects the environment and human health. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the variation of physicochemical characteristics during the co-composting of food waste, and sawdust mixed biochar; (2) assess the efficiency of biochar-composting combined amendment materials for reducing odor emissions and their maturity. The raw materials including food waste (FW), straw dust (SD), and biochar (BC) were prepared and homogeneously mixed with the weight ranging from 120.0 kg to 135.8 kg with five treatments, BC0 (Control), BC1 (5 % biochar), BC2 (5 % distilled water washed biochar), BC3 (10 % biochar), BC4 (20 % biochar). Adding biochar could change physicochemical properties such as temperature, moisture, and pH during composting. The results indicated applying biochar-composting covering to minimalized NH3 and H2S aided by higher porous structure and surface functional groups. Among trials, biochar 20 % obtained the lowest NH3 (2 ppm) and H2S (3 ppm) emission on day 16 and stopping their emission on day 17. The NH3/NH4+ adsorption on large specific surface areas and highly porous micro-structure of biochar lead to reduced nitrogen losses, while nitrification (NH4+ ➔ NO2- ➔ NO3-) may also contribute to nitrogen retention. The H2S concentration decreased with increasing the biochar proportion, suggesting that biochar could reduce the H2S emission. Correlation analysis illustrated that temperature, moisture, and oxygen are the most critical factors affecting H2S and NH3 emissions (p <0.05). The physicochemical properties and seed germination index indicated that the compost was mature without phytotoxicity. These novelty findings illustrated that the biochar amendment is an effective solution to reduce odor emission and enhances the maturity of compost mixture, which is promising to approach in real-scale conditions and could apply in agricultural fields.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Sci Total Environ
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161128
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Composting
dc.subject.mesh	Refuse Disposal
dc.subject.mesh	Food
dc.subject.mesh	Odorants
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Manure
dc.subject.mesh	Charcoal
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrogen
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Charcoal
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrogen
dc.subject.mesh	Manure
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Refuse Disposal
dc.subject.mesh	Food
dc.subject.mesh	Odorants
dc.subject.mesh	Composting
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Composting
dc.subject.mesh	Refuse Disposal
dc.subject.mesh	Food
dc.subject.mesh	Odorants
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Manure
dc.subject.mesh	Charcoal
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrogen
dc.title	Investigation of biochar amendments on odor reduction and their characteristics during food waste co-composting.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	865
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-02-01T05:11:57Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	865

Abstract:

The odor emission such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the composting process is a severe problem that adversely affects the environment and human health. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the variation of physicochemical characteristics during the co-composting of food waste, and sawdust mixed biochar; (2) assess the efficiency of biochar-composting combined amendment materials for reducing odor emissions and their maturity. The raw materials including food waste (FW), straw dust (SD), and biochar (BC) were prepared and homogeneously mixed with the weight ranging from 120.0 kg to 135.8 kg with five treatments, BC0 (Control), BC1 (5 % biochar), BC2 (5 % distilled water washed biochar), BC3 (10 % biochar), BC4 (20 % biochar). Adding biochar could change physicochemical properties such as temperature, moisture, and pH during composting. The results indicated applying biochar-composting covering to minimalized NH3 and H2S aided by higher porous structure and surface functional groups. Among trials, biochar 20 % obtained the lowest NH3 (2 ppm) and H2S (3 ppm) emission on day 16 and stopping their emission on day 17. The NH3/NH4+ adsorption on large specific surface areas and highly porous micro-structure of biochar lead to reduced nitrogen losses, while nitrification (NH4+ ➔ NO2- ➔ NO3-) may also contribute to nitrogen retention. The H2S concentration decreased with increasing the biochar proportion, suggesting that biochar could reduce the H2S emission. Correlation analysis illustrated that temperature, moisture, and oxygen are the most critical factors affecting H2S and NH3 emissions (p <0.05). The physicochemical properties and seed germination index indicated that the compost was mature without phytotoxicity. These novelty findings illustrated that the biochar amendment is an effective solution to reduce odor emission and enhances the maturity of compost mixture, which is promising to approach in real-scale conditions and could apply in agricultural fields.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175231