Weak-Key Analysis for BIKE Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism

Nosouhi, MR; Shah, SW; Pan, L; Zolotavkin, Y; Nanda, A; Gauravaram, P; Doss, R

Weak-Key Analysis for BIKE Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism

Nosouhi, MR Shah, SW Pan, L Zolotavkin, Y Nanda, A Gauravaram, P Doss, R

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2023, 18, pp. 2160-2174
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Nosouhi, MR
dc.contributor.author	Shah, SW
dc.contributor.author	Pan, L
dc.contributor.author	Zolotavkin, Y
dc.contributor.author	Nanda, A
dc.contributor.author	Gauravaram, P
dc.contributor.author	Doss, R
dc.date.accessioned	2024-03-08T01:26:06Z
dc.date.available	2024-03-08T01:26:06Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2023, 18, pp. 2160-2174
dc.identifier.issn	1556-6013
dc.identifier.issn	1556-6021
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/176336
dc.description.abstract	The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization project intending to evaluate and subsequently standardize the suitable PQC scheme(s). One such attractive approach, called Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE), has entered the final round of the competition. Despite having some attractive features, the IND-CCA security of BIKE depends on the average decoder failure rate (DFR), a higher value of which can facilitate a particular type of side-channel attack. Although BIKE adopts the Black-Grey-Flip (BGF) decoder that offers a negligible DFR, the effect of weak-keys on the average DFR has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we implement the BIKE scheme, and then through extensive experiments show that the weak-keys can be a potential threat to IND-CCA security of the BIKE scheme and thus need attention from the relevant research community. We also propose a key-check algorithm that can potentially supplement the BIKE mechanism and prevent users from adopting weak-keys.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TIFS.2023.3264153
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	08 Information and Computing Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	46 Information and computing sciences
dc.title	Weak-Key Analysis for BIKE Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	18
utslib.for	08 Information and Computing Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Computer Science
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-03-08T01:26:04Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	18

Abstract:

The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization project intending to evaluate and subsequently standardize the suitable PQC scheme(s). One such attractive approach, called Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE), has entered the final round of the competition. Despite having some attractive features, the IND-CCA security of BIKE depends on the average decoder failure rate (DFR), a higher value of which can facilitate a particular type of side-channel attack. Although BIKE adopts the Black-Grey-Flip (BGF) decoder that offers a negligible DFR, the effect of weak-keys on the average DFR has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we implement the BIKE scheme, and then through extensive experiments show that the weak-keys can be a potential threat to IND-CCA security of the BIKE scheme and thus need attention from the relevant research community. We also propose a key-check algorithm that can potentially supplement the BIKE mechanism and prevent users from adopting weak-keys.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/176336