In Situ Utilization of Iron Flocs after Fe<sup>3+</sup> Coagulation Enhances H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> Chemical Cleaning to Eliminate Viruses and Mitigate Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Citation:
- ACS ES and T Water, 2023, 3, (8), pp. 2718-2729
- Issue Date:
- 2023-08-11
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| Filename | Description | Size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22211482_13189531740005671.pdf | Published version | 3.53 MB |
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Viruses found in the effluent and on the membrane surface during ultrafiltration (UF) processes will introduce hidden biosecurity dangers to drinking water. Fe3+ coagulation coupled with H2O2 to create an in situ membrane cleaning method, and MS2 bacteriophage was used as a model to investigate virus removal by UF when humic acid (HA) was present. The results showed that MS2 was removed by HA based on size exclusion, hydrophobicity, and electrostatic repulsion. Meanwhile, HA slightly reduced MS2 accumulation on the membrane surface by inhibiting MS2 adsorption. Fe3+ pretreatment (0.08 mmol/L) eliminated MS2 in the effluent by the adsorption and size exclusion of iron flocs. MS2 retained on the membrane surface was reduced through electrostatic repulsion. Iron flocs-H2O2 cleaning destroyed viral protein capsids through HO· oxidation and eliminated all MS2. The mitigation efficiency of membrane fouling was greatly improved with a flux recovery of 97.8%. Moreover, the use of H2O2 was significantly saved (3%) compared to no Fe3+ pretreatment (12%). This study provides a potentially useful and economically enhanced membrane cleaning method for virus-containing water treatment by UF, which could not only eliminate viruses and mitigate membrane fouling in the UF system but also reduce the use of membrane cleaning agents to save costs.
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