Experimental Study on the Cold Flow Behaviour of Azadirachta Indica (NEEM) Biodiesel Blended with Petroleum-based Fuels and Natural Organic Solvents

Ali, M; Qayoom, A; Ghulam, Z; Imran, S; Yusoff, M; Kalam, MA; Mahmoud, O; El-Shafay, AS

Experimental Study on the Cold Flow Behaviour of Azadirachta Indica (NEEM) Biodiesel Blended with Petroleum-based Fuels and Natural Organic Solvents

Ali, M Qayoom, A Ghulam, Z Imran, S Yusoff, M Kalam, MA Mahmoud, O El-Shafay, AS

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Applied Science and Engineering (Taiwan), 2023, 26, (8), pp. 1153-1167
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Ali, M
dc.contributor.author	Qayoom, A
dc.contributor.author	Ghulam, Z
dc.contributor.author	Imran, S
dc.contributor.author	Yusoff, M
dc.contributor.author	Kalam, MA
dc.contributor.author	Mahmoud, O
dc.contributor.author	El-Shafay, AS
dc.date.accessioned	2024-04-10T07:02:17Z
dc.date.available	2024-04-10T07:02:17Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Applied Science and Engineering (Taiwan), 2023, 26, (8), pp. 1153-1167
dc.identifier.issn	2708-9967
dc.identifier.issn	2708-9975
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/177682
dc.description.abstract	Due to the poor cold flow behaviour of biodiesel in winter, it tends to form solidifying gel in many cold regions across the world, making it challenging to use as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. This research investigation was conducted to investigate the comparative impact on cold flow parameters of biodiesel produced from Azadirachta indica (Neem oil) by blending with petroleum-based fuels and natural organic solvents. The B20 blends with kerosene showed significant improvement in CP, PP, and CFPP to -10 °C, -19 °C, and -20 °C, respectively. B20* blend enhanced the CP, PP and CFPP to 8 °C, 2 °C, and 6 °C respectively, while mixed kerosene/ diesel B20 blend improved CFPP, CP and PP by -4.5 °C, -7 °C and -8 °C respectively. Blend (B20T10) with natural turpentine oil improved CP, PP, and CFPP to 7 °C, 5 °C, and -2 °C, respectively. Diethyl ether and n-butanol did not show substantial improvement in biodiesel cold flow characteristics. The ester functional group in the biodiesel from ATR-FTIR spectral peaks was found at 1740.2 cm−1 denotes C=O, i.e., carbonyl group confirmation in the presence of ester linkage. The cost analysis of B20y and B20T10 were found to be USD 0.747 and USD 0.782 per L, respectively in comparison to that of petroleum diesel, USD 0.770 per L. Neem biodiesel production showed a positive net energy balance of 14.28%. According to the current study, it is recommended to use blended mixed kerosene/diesel (B20**) and biodiesel blend with turpentine oil (B20T10) in diesel engines with suitable physico-chemical and cold flow properties in compliance with ASTM D6571standard.
dc.language	en
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Applied Science and Engineering (Taiwan)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.6180/jase.202308_26(8).0011
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Experimental Study on the Cold Flow Behaviour of Azadirachta Indica (NEEM) Biodiesel Blended with Petroleum-based Fuels and Natural Organic Solvents
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	26
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-04-10T07:02:16Z
pubs.issue	8
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	26
utslib.citation.issue	8

Abstract:

Due to the poor cold flow behaviour of biodiesel in winter, it tends to form solidifying gel in many cold regions across the world, making it challenging to use as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. This research investigation was conducted to investigate the comparative impact on cold flow parameters of biodiesel produced from Azadirachta indica (Neem oil) by blending with petroleum-based fuels and natural organic solvents. The B20 blends with kerosene showed significant improvement in CP, PP, and CFPP to -10 °C, -19 °C, and -20 °C, respectively. B20* blend enhanced the CP, PP and CFPP to 8 °C, 2 °C, and 6 °C respectively, while mixed kerosene/ diesel B20** blend improved CFPP, CP and PP by -4.5 °C, -7 °C and -8 °C respectively. Blend (B20T10) with natural turpentine oil improved CP, PP, and CFPP to 7 °C, 5 °C, and -2 °C, respectively. Diethyl ether and n-butanol did not show substantial improvement in biodiesel cold flow characteristics. The ester functional group in the biodiesel from ATR-FTIR spectral peaks was found at 1740.2 cm−1 denotes C=O, i.e., carbonyl group confirmation in the presence of ester linkage. The cost analysis of B20y** and B20T10 were found to be USD 0.747 and USD 0.782 per L, respectively in comparison to that of petroleum diesel, USD 0.770 per L. Neem biodiesel production showed a positive net energy balance of 14.28%. According to the current study, it is recommended to use blended mixed kerosene/diesel (B20**) and biodiesel blend with turpentine oil (B20T10) in diesel engines with suitable physico-chemical and cold flow properties in compliance with ASTM D6571standard.

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