Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption to Sucrose- and Urea-Derived Nitrogen-Enriched, Hierarchically Porous Carbon Activated by KOH and H3PO4.

Liyanaarachchi, H; Thambiliyagodage, C; Lokuge, H; Vigneswaran, S

Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption to Sucrose- and Urea-Derived Nitrogen-Enriched, Hierarchically Porous Carbon Activated by KOH and H3PO4.

Liyanaarachchi, H Thambiliyagodage, C Lokuge, H Vigneswaran, S

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Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: ACS Omega, 2023, 8, (18), pp. 16158-16173
Issue Date:: 2023-05-09

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Liyanaarachchi, H
dc.contributor.author	Thambiliyagodage, C
dc.contributor.author	Lokuge, H
dc.contributor.author	Vigneswaran, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-4322
dc.date.accessioned	2024-04-17T06:04:32Z
dc.date.available	2023-04-20
dc.date.available	2024-04-17T06:04:32Z
dc.date.issued	2023-05-09
dc.identifier.citation	ACS Omega, 2023, 8, (18), pp. 16158-16173
dc.identifier.issn	2470-1343
dc.identifier.issn	2470-1343
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/178008
dc.description.abstract	Hierarchically porous nitrogen-enriched carbon materials synthesized by polymerization of sucrose and urea (SU) were activated by KOH and H3PO4 (SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4, respectively). Characterization was undertaken and the synthesized materials were tested for their ability to adsorb methylene blue (MB). Scanning electron microscopic images along with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed the presence of a hierarchically porous system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the surface oxidation of SU upon activation with KOH and H3PO4. The best conditions for removing dyes utilizing both activated adsorbents were determined by varying the pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and dye concentration. Adsorption kinetics were evaluated, and the adsorption of MB followed second-order kinetics, suggesting the chemisorption of MB to both SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4. Times taken to reach the equilibrium by SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4 were 180 and 30 min, respectively. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin models. Data were best described by the Temkin isotherm model for SU-KOH and the Freundlich isotherm model for SU-H3PO4. Thermodynamics of the adsorption of MB to the adsorbent was determined by varying the temperature in the range of 25-55 °C. Adsorption of MB increased with increasing temperature, suggesting that the adsorption process is endothermic. The highest adsorption capacities of SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4 (1268 and 897 mg g-1, respectively) were obtained at 55 °C. Synthesized adsorbents were effective in removing MB for five cycles with some loss in activity. The results of this study show that SU activated by KOH and H3PO4 are environmentally benign, favorable, and effective adsorbents for MB adsorption.
dc.format	Electronic-eCollection
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	American Chemical Society (ACS)
dc.relation.ispartof	ACS Omega
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1021/acsomega.3c00339
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0904 Chemical Engineering, 0912 Materials Engineering
dc.subject.classification	3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry
dc.subject.classification	3406 Physical chemistry
dc.subject.classification	4004 Chemical engineering
dc.title	Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption to Sucrose- and Urea-Derived Nitrogen-Enriched, Hierarchically Porous Carbon Activated by KOH and H3PO4.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	8
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	0912 Materials Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-04-17T06:04:20Z
pubs.issue	18
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	8
utslib.citation.issue	18

Abstract:

Hierarchically porous nitrogen-enriched carbon materials synthesized by polymerization of sucrose and urea (SU) were activated by KOH and H3PO4 (SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4, respectively). Characterization was undertaken and the synthesized materials were tested for their ability to adsorb methylene blue (MB). Scanning electron microscopic images along with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed the presence of a hierarchically porous system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the surface oxidation of SU upon activation with KOH and H3PO4. The best conditions for removing dyes utilizing both activated adsorbents were determined by varying the pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and dye concentration. Adsorption kinetics were evaluated, and the adsorption of MB followed second-order kinetics, suggesting the chemisorption of MB to both SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4. Times taken to reach the equilibrium by SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4 were 180 and 30 min, respectively. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin models. Data were best described by the Temkin isotherm model for SU-KOH and the Freundlich isotherm model for SU-H3PO4. Thermodynamics of the adsorption of MB to the adsorbent was determined by varying the temperature in the range of 25-55 °C. Adsorption of MB increased with increasing temperature, suggesting that the adsorption process is endothermic. The highest adsorption capacities of SU-KOH and SU-H3PO4 (1268 and 897 mg g-1, respectively) were obtained at 55 °C. Synthesized adsorbents were effective in removing MB for five cycles with some loss in activity. The results of this study show that SU activated by KOH and H3PO4 are environmentally benign, favorable, and effective adsorbents for MB adsorption.

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