Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

Sayem, ASM; Lalbakhsh, A; Esselle, KP; Moloudian, G; Buckley, JL; Simorangkir, RBVB

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

Sayem, ASM Lalbakhsh, A Esselle, KP Moloudian, G Buckley, JL Simorangkir, RBVB

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Access, 2023, 11, pp. 8301-8323
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Sayem, ASM
dc.contributor.author	Lalbakhsh, A
dc.contributor.author	Esselle, KP
dc.contributor.author	Moloudian, G
dc.contributor.author	Buckley, JL
dc.contributor.author	Simorangkir, RBVB
dc.date.accessioned	2024-04-19T09:18:56Z
dc.date.available	2024-04-19T09:18:56Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Access, 2023, 11, pp. 8301-8323
dc.identifier.issn	2169-3536
dc.identifier.issn	2169-3536
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/178095
dc.description.abstract	In the group of liquid antennas, water antennas have attracted tremendous popularity due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of water. Pure water is a high permittivity dielectric liquid which comprises high dielectric constant and very low electrical conductivity. While the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, salt-water has good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of salt-water can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of salt content (salinity) in the water solution. Both pure water and salt water has excellent optical transparency, liquidity, flexibility and easy availability, thus, become excellent candidates in antenna manufacturing. Pure water is utilized as the dielectric component of the antenna and generally used in the development of dielectric resonator antennas, whereas salt-water is used as the conductive part of the antenna replacing metallic conductors. Some antennas have also utilized both the pure water and salt water for improved performance. In the literature, different classes of antennas can be found that have been developed by utilizing water. In this review paper, we have highlighted the state-of-the-art designs of water-filled antennas, highlighted the major challenges towards the development of water-filled antennas and presented the novel applications and prospects of water-filled antennas.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Access
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3238571
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	08 Information and Computing Sciences, 09 Engineering, 10 Technology
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	46 Information and computing sciences
dc.title	Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	11
utslib.for	08 Information and Computing Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
utslib.for	10 Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-04-19T09:18:53Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	11

Abstract:

In the group of liquid antennas, water antennas have attracted tremendous popularity due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of water. Pure water is a high permittivity dielectric liquid which comprises high dielectric constant and very low electrical conductivity. While the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, salt-water has good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of salt-water can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of salt content (salinity) in the water solution. Both pure water and salt water has excellent optical transparency, liquidity, flexibility and easy availability, thus, become excellent candidates in antenna manufacturing. Pure water is utilized as the dielectric component of the antenna and generally used in the development of dielectric resonator antennas, whereas salt-water is used as the conductive part of the antenna replacing metallic conductors. Some antennas have also utilized both the pure water and salt water for improved performance. In the literature, different classes of antennas can be found that have been developed by utilizing water. In this review paper, we have highlighted the state-of-the-art designs of water-filled antennas, highlighted the major challenges towards the development of water-filled antennas and presented the novel applications and prospects of water-filled antennas.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/178095