Decipher the role of cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer based on molecular pathology and its clinical significance

Patel, A; Vora, H; Prajapati, BG; Singh, SK; Dua, K; Patel, A; Patel, S

Decipher the role of cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer based on molecular pathology and its clinical significance

Patel, A Vora, H Prajapati, BG Singh, SK Dua, K

Patel, A Patel, S

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Chapter
Citation:: Colorectal Cancer: Disease and Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies, 2024, pp. 533-555
Issue Date:: 2024-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Patel, A
dc.contributor.author	Vora, H
dc.contributor.author	Prajapati, BG
dc.contributor.author	Singh, SK
dc.contributor.author	Dua, K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1159
dc.contributor.author	Patel, A
dc.contributor.author	Patel, S
dc.date.accessioned	2024-08-14T02:56:56Z
dc.date.available	2024-08-14T02:56:56Z
dc.date.issued	2024-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Colorectal Cancer: Disease and Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies, 2024, pp. 533-555
dc.identifier.isbn	9780443138706
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180405
dc.description.abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest and third most prevalent cancer globally. The occurrence of therapeutic failures due to metastasis, resistance, and recurrence are indeed challenging issues. Conventional therapy cannot give satisfactory outcomes in terms of disease-free and overall survival. The reasons are chemotherapy and radiotherapy targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and terminally differentiated cells. Still, the root cause of cancer initiation believed to be cancer stem cells (CSC), remains unaffected. The CSC is also responsible for resistance and recurrence due to the presence of detoxifying transporter mechanisms, DNA damage-repair machinery, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular plasticity, and self-renewal potential. Recent shreds of evidence indicate the promotion of CSC stemness properties by chemotherapy and radiation that further extend its survival. Transcriptional factors like Nanog, MYC, and OCT4 are believed to fuel the CSC’s activity. The persistent flare-up of signaling pathways (Sonic Hedgehog, Wnt, JAK-STAT-MAPK, Notch) and its crosstalk produce vital cytokines that help CSC to sustain and promote tumorigenesis. The key cytokines that promote CSC are interleukin (IL)-4, 6, and 10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta. The various biomarkers of CSC precisely, including CD44, CD133, CD166, CD200, and ALDH1, can provide the best promising approaches to deciding the appropriate treatment to target CSC. These can guide the oncologist about invasiveness, metastasis, prognosis, resistance, and recurrence. Many clinical trials are progressing in halting the transformation of normal stem cells to CSC based on targeting efflux transporters, microbiome, immunomodulation, signaling pathways, tumor metabolism, and microenvironment. Precision oncology based on targeting CSC by immune checkpoints may bring positive hope for the deadliest CRC in the future.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Colorectal Cancer: Disease and Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/B978-0-443-13870-6.00016-7
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.title	Decipher the role of cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer based on molecular pathology and its clinical significance
dc.type	Chapter
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Public Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-08-14T02:56:55Z
pubs.publication-status	Published

Abstract:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest and third most prevalent cancer globally. The occurrence of therapeutic failures due to metastasis, resistance, and recurrence are indeed challenging issues. Conventional therapy cannot give satisfactory outcomes in terms of disease-free and overall survival. The reasons are chemotherapy and radiotherapy targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and terminally differentiated cells. Still, the root cause of cancer initiation believed to be cancer stem cells (CSC), remains unaffected. The CSC is also responsible for resistance and recurrence due to the presence of detoxifying transporter mechanisms, DNA damage-repair machinery, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular plasticity, and self-renewal potential. Recent shreds of evidence indicate the promotion of CSC stemness properties by chemotherapy and radiation that further extend its survival. Transcriptional factors like Nanog, MYC, and OCT4 are believed to fuel the CSC’s activity. The persistent flare-up of signaling pathways (Sonic Hedgehog, Wnt, JAK-STAT-MAPK, Notch) and its crosstalk produce vital cytokines that help CSC to sustain and promote tumorigenesis. The key cytokines that promote CSC are interleukin (IL)-4, 6, and 10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta. The various biomarkers of CSC precisely, including CD44, CD133, CD166, CD200, and ALDH1, can provide the best promising approaches to deciding the appropriate treatment to target CSC. These can guide the oncologist about invasiveness, metastasis, prognosis, resistance, and recurrence. Many clinical trials are progressing in halting the transformation of normal stem cells to CSC based on targeting efflux transporters, microbiome, immunomodulation, signaling pathways, tumor metabolism, and microenvironment. Precision oncology based on targeting CSC by immune checkpoints may bring positive hope for the deadliest CRC in the future.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180405