Millimeter-Wave Three-Layer Substrate-Integrated 9 × 9 Butler Matrix and Its Application to Wide-Angle Endfire Multibeam Metasurface Antenna

Geng, C; Lian, JW; Guo, YJ; Ding, D

Millimeter-Wave Three-Layer Substrate-Integrated 9 × 9 Butler Matrix and Its Application to Wide-Angle Endfire Multibeam Metasurface Antenna

Geng, C Lian, JW Guo, YJ Ding, D

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 72, (4), pp. 2253-2266
Issue Date:: 2024-04-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Geng, C
dc.contributor.author	Lian, JW
dc.contributor.author	Guo, YJ
dc.contributor.author	Ding, D
dc.date.accessioned	2024-08-21T05:31:53Z
dc.date.available	2024-08-21T05:31:53Z
dc.date.issued	2024-04-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 72, (4), pp. 2253-2266
dc.identifier.issn	0018-9480
dc.identifier.issn	1557-9670
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180484
dc.description.abstract	A novel three-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) 9times9 Butler matrix (BM) that can produce a broadside beam and wide-angle coverage is presented in this article. Unlike the traditional 8times8 BM, the proposed BM is realized by cascading three-way couplers. Connecting to the radiation structure and feeding the center input port, a phase difference of 0° is observed and a broadside beam can be produced. When exciting the side input ports, a maximum phase difference of ±160° is obtained and wide-angle side beams are generated. The operation principle and design development of the 9times9 BM are illustrated in detail to determine the topology and the phase shifters. With the desired phase differences and amplitude distributions, a three-layer topology of the 9times9 BM is developed to reduce the footprint and improve the compactness, which is subsequently realized in SIW technology. To realize wide-angle coverage, a new endfire metasurface antenna derived from the traditional Vivaldi antenna is proposed, which achieves a fractional 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 72% and a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 128° at 28 GHz. By integrating the three-layer SIW 9times9 BM with an endfire metasurface antenna array, a wide-angle endfire multibeam metasurface antenna is obtained, which achieves a wide HPBW coverage of ±113° and a maximum gain of 12.1 dBi. The topology of an extended single-layer 18times18 BM based on the designed 9times9 BM is presented, and multilayer solutions are adopted to demonstrate the possibility of realizing higher order BMs.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TMTT.2024.3369040
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.subject	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.subject.classification	Networking & Telecommunications
dc.subject.classification	5103 Classical physics
dc.title	Millimeter-Wave Three-Layer Substrate-Integrated 9 × 9 Butler Matrix and Its Application to Wide-Angle Endfire Multibeam Metasurface Antenna
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	72
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Strength - GBDTC - Global Big Data Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/All Manual Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/All Manual Groups/Global Big Data Technologies Research Centre (GBDTC)
utslib.copyright.status	embargoed	*
utslib.copyright.embargo	2026-02-28T00:00:00+1000Z
dc.date.updated	2024-08-21T05:31:34Z
pubs.issue	4
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	72
utslib.citation.issue	4

Abstract:

A novel three-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) 9times9 Butler matrix (BM) that can produce a broadside beam and wide-angle coverage is presented in this article. Unlike the traditional 8times8 BM, the proposed BM is realized by cascading three-way couplers. Connecting to the radiation structure and feeding the center input port, a phase difference of 0° is observed and a broadside beam can be produced. When exciting the side input ports, a maximum phase difference of ±160° is obtained and wide-angle side beams are generated. The operation principle and design development of the 9times9 BM are illustrated in detail to determine the topology and the phase shifters. With the desired phase differences and amplitude distributions, a three-layer topology of the 9times9 BM is developed to reduce the footprint and improve the compactness, which is subsequently realized in SIW technology. To realize wide-angle coverage, a new endfire metasurface antenna derived from the traditional Vivaldi antenna is proposed, which achieves a fractional 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 72% and a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 128° at 28 GHz. By integrating the three-layer SIW 9times9 BM with an endfire metasurface antenna array, a wide-angle endfire multibeam metasurface antenna is obtained, which achieves a wide HPBW coverage of ±113° and a maximum gain of 12.1 dBi. The topology of an extended single-layer 18times18 BM based on the designed 9times9 BM is presented, and multilayer solutions are adopted to demonstrate the possibility of realizing higher order BMs.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180484