Characterisation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Emulsion Polymerised Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Yong, EHN; Tshai, KY; Chai, AB; Lim, SS; Kong, I; Yap, EH

Characterisation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Emulsion Polymerised Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Yong, EHN Tshai, KY Chai, AB Lim, SS Kong, I Yap, EH

Permalink

Publisher:: Springer Nature
Publication Type:: Chapter
Citation:: Springer Proceedings in Materials, 2024, 40, pp. 327-337
Issue Date:: 2024-01-01

Closed Access

	Filename	Description	Size
	978-981-99-9848-7_30.pdf	Published version	381.44 kB	Adobe PDF	View/Open

Copyright Clearance Process

Recently Added
In Progress
Closed Access

This item is closed access and not available.

Full metadata record

Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Yong, EHN
dc.contributor.author	Tshai, KY
dc.contributor.author	Chai, AB
dc.contributor.author	Lim, SS
dc.contributor.author	Kong, I
dc.contributor.author	Yap, EH
dc.date.accessioned	2024-09-13T04:12:12Z
dc.date.available	2024-09-13T04:12:12Z
dc.date.issued	2024-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Springer Proceedings in Materials, 2024, 40, pp. 327-337
dc.identifier.isbn	9789819998470
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180814
dc.description.abstract	Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a functional polymeric material with various applications in industries such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. PNIPAM can exist in both crosslinked and linear architectures, and the choice of synthesis method can greatly affect its material properties. While commercially available PNIPAM is costly, in-house synthesis via emulsion polymerization can be a cost-effective alternative for research purposes. This paper presents a detailed fabrication technique for synthesizing PNIPAM via emulsion polymerization, along with a thorough characterization of its physico-chemical properties. Successful synthesis of PNIPAM was confirmed through FTIR spectrums showing characteristics of amide I (C = O) stretching at 1635 cm−1, amide II (C-N) stretching at 1531 cm−1, (−CH3) symmetrical deformation bend at 1388 cm−1, (−NH) stretching at 3284 cm−1, as well as the (−CH3) symmetric and asymmetric vibrations at 2876 cm−1 and 2968 cm−1, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the synthesized PNIPAM was determined using DSC analysis, measured at ~ 33 °C. The thermal responsive hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition behavior across LCST was demonstrated through physical observation of the PNIPAM-H2O mixture, where a clear solution at 25 °C apparently turned into turbid at 40 °C. With Zetasizer static light scattering (SLS) technique, the measured average particle size was 250.5 nm, distributed over a narrow range of 140–520 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.090. The reproducibility as verified using Zetasizer dynamics light scattering technique over 3 batches of the synthesized PNIPAM revealed that the largest standard deviation for particle size and PDI were merely 4.7 nm and 0.020, respectively. With Zetasizer SLS and Debye plot techniques, the molecular weight of the synthesized PNIPAM was determined at 381,000 Da. Current results show that the synthesized PNIPAM has similar characteristics to commercially available PNIPAM, which highlights the importance of careful synthesis and characterization to achieve desired material properties. This research can potentially pave the way for the development of customized PNIPAM with specific properties for a wide range of applications.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Springer Nature
dc.relation.ispartof	Springer Proceedings in Materials
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Springer Proceedings in Materials
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/978-981-99-9848-7_30
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.title	Characterisation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Emulsion Polymerised Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
dc.type	Chapter
utslib.citation.volume	40
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Provost
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Provost/TD School
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-09-13T04:12:11Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	40

Abstract:

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a functional polymeric material with various applications in industries such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. PNIPAM can exist in both crosslinked and linear architectures, and the choice of synthesis method can greatly affect its material properties. While commercially available PNIPAM is costly, in-house synthesis via emulsion polymerization can be a cost-effective alternative for research purposes. This paper presents a detailed fabrication technique for synthesizing PNIPAM via emulsion polymerization, along with a thorough characterization of its physico-chemical properties. Successful synthesis of PNIPAM was confirmed through FTIR spectrums showing characteristics of amide I (C = O) stretching at 1635 cm−1, amide II (C-N) stretching at 1531 cm−1, (−CH3) symmetrical deformation bend at 1388 cm−1, (−NH) stretching at 3284 cm−1, as well as the (−CH3) symmetric and asymmetric vibrations at 2876 cm−1 and 2968 cm−1, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the synthesized PNIPAM was determined using DSC analysis, measured at ~ 33 °C. The thermal responsive hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition behavior across LCST was demonstrated through physical observation of the PNIPAM-H2O mixture, where a clear solution at 25 °C apparently turned into turbid at 40 °C. With Zetasizer static light scattering (SLS) technique, the measured average particle size was 250.5 nm, distributed over a narrow range of 140–520 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.090. The reproducibility as verified using Zetasizer dynamics light scattering technique over 3 batches of the synthesized PNIPAM revealed that the largest standard deviation for particle size and PDI were merely 4.7 nm and 0.020, respectively. With Zetasizer SLS and Debye plot techniques, the molecular weight of the synthesized PNIPAM was determined at 381,000 Da. Current results show that the synthesized PNIPAM has similar characteristics to commercially available PNIPAM, which highlights the importance of careful synthesis and characterization to achieve desired material properties. This research can potentially pave the way for the development of customized PNIPAM with specific properties for a wide range of applications.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/180814