RECHARGE Policy Brief: Groundwater Quality Risks in Indonesian Cities
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Self-supplied groundwater is the main drinking water source for 24% of people in urban areas of Indonesia. In a national survey, 21% of these households’ water source had E coli levels >100 CFU/100mL (considered high risk).
Wells are more than twice as likely to have high-risk water as boreholes. However, encouraging households to shift from wells to bores may undermine programs to provide and have people connect to improved piped water services.
Groundwater under cities is a valuable, climate-resilient resource, but data important to managing groundwater is either missing or hard to access in most cities.
Sanitary inspection of self-supply sources might be a useful interim way to encourage households to improve their water supply and reduce risks as well as raise awareness about risks.
The benefit in terms of groundwater protection from “improving” on-site sanitation in dense urban areas is unproven and more research is needed.
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