Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource

Wang, XC; Luo, L; Chen, R; Ngo, HH

Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource

Wang, XC Luo, L Chen, R Ngo, HH

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Desalination and Water Treatment, 2011, 32 (1-3), pp. 307 - 315
Issue Date:: 2011-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Wang, XC	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Luo, L	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Chen, R	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Ngo, HH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-2866	en_US
dc.date.issued	2011-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Desalination and Water Treatment, 2011, 32 (1-3), pp. 307 - 315	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1944-3994	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/18353
dc.description.abstract	The natural water system maintains its dynamic equilibrium through a hydrological cycle that involves a series of natural processes. Such a natural water cycle has been much disturbed by human activities in the process of water use. An urban water system was thus modeled in this paper as a series of artificial water cycles overlaid upon the natural water cycle. The system was thermodynamically analyzed by calculating the entropy budget as ΔS = ΔiS + ΔeS where ΔiS and ΔeS are the entropy increases due to natural and artificial contributions, respectively. The natural water cycle free from human disturbance should possess the nature of self maintenance of water and materials balance and could be assumed as a pseudo-reversible process with ΔiS → 0. ΔeS was then supposed as to be contributed by artificial disturbances on water quantity such as by water withdrawal, and on water quality such as by pollutant discharge. A series of models were developed for calculating ΔeS. As a result of scenario analysis of urban water system in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwestern China, using these models, it was indicated that under the current condition of water supply and wastewater treatment, if 20% of the treated wastewater could be reused, ΔeS would be decreased by 15.22% from the current level, while if the percent of treated wastewater reuse could be increased to 40%, ΔeS would be decreased by 29.93%. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a tool for quantitative evaluation of the effect of urban wastewater reclamation and reuse. © 2011 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Desalination and Water Treatment	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.5004/dwt.2011.2715	en_US
dc.title	Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1-3	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	32	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
dc.location.activity	Cairns, AUSTRALIA
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	1-3	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	32	en_US

Abstract:

The natural water system maintains its dynamic equilibrium through a hydrological cycle that involves a series of natural processes. Such a natural water cycle has been much disturbed by human activities in the process of water use. An urban water system was thus modeled in this paper as a series of artificial water cycles overlaid upon the natural water cycle. The system was thermodynamically analyzed by calculating the entropy budget as ΔS = ΔiS + ΔeS where ΔiS and ΔeS are the entropy increases due to natural and artificial contributions, respectively. The natural water cycle free from human disturbance should possess the nature of self maintenance of water and materials balance and could be assumed as a pseudo-reversible process with ΔiS → 0. ΔeS was then supposed as to be contributed by artificial disturbances on water quantity such as by water withdrawal, and on water quality such as by pollutant discharge. A series of models were developed for calculating ΔeS. As a result of scenario analysis of urban water system in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwestern China, using these models, it was indicated that under the current condition of water supply and wastewater treatment, if 20% of the treated wastewater could be reused, ΔeS would be decreased by 15.22% from the current level, while if the percent of treated wastewater reuse could be increased to 40%, ΔeS would be decreased by 29.93%. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a tool for quantitative evaluation of the effect of urban wastewater reclamation and reuse. © 2011 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/18353