A review of major trends opportunities and technical challenges in biodiesel production from waste sources

Ali, M; Zeeshan, S; Khubaib, M; Ikram, A; Hussain, F; Yassin, H; Qazi, A

A review of major trends opportunities and technical challenges in biodiesel production from waste sources

Ali, M Zeeshan, S Khubaib, M Ikram, A Hussain, F Yassin, H Qazi, A

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Publisher:: Elsevier Ltd
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Energy Conversion and Management: X, 2024, 23, pp. 100675
Issue Date:: 2024-07-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Ali, M
dc.contributor.author	Zeeshan, S
dc.contributor.author	Khubaib, M
dc.contributor.author	Ikram, A
dc.contributor.author	Hussain, F
dc.contributor.author	Yassin, H
dc.contributor.author	Qazi, A
dc.date.accessioned	2025-03-26T00:04:36Z
dc.date.available	2025-03-26T00:04:36Z
dc.date.issued	2024-07-01
dc.identifier.citation	Energy Conversion and Management: X, 2024, 23, pp. 100675
dc.identifier.issn	2590-1745
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186207
dc.description.abstract	As the world addresses the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions, biodiesel has surfaced as a viable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. The expansion of biodiesel feedstock plantations, particularly palm oil in tropical regions, can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and significant carbon emissions from the destruction of carbon-rich ecosystems. That is why this article focuses on biodiesel production from waste sources in order to maintain balance in the ecosystem. This review paper discusses the global energy landscape and the need for renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives. It explores the various waste sources in depth that are investigated for biodiesel production, comprising waste cooking oil, animal fats, algae, and other organic residues. Each feedstock is analyzed for its viability, challenges, and economic feasibility in biodiesel production. A critical assessment of different biodiesel production methods, such as transesterification, pyrolysis, thermochemical conversion, anaerobic digestion, thermal cracking, hydro-treating and enzymatic processes, is presented, highlighting the key factors influencing their efficiency and scalability. Recent developments to enhance waste-derived biodiesel production s sustainability and economic viability to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals are also highlighted. Furthermore, the environmental impact of biodiesel, including greenhouse gas emissions and land use, is discussed to provide a holistic understanding of its ecological footprint. The biodiesel from waste sources can significantly increase the brake thermal efficiency of the engine along with a substantial decrease in emissions like CO and HC. However, the NOx and CO
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier Ltd
dc.relation.ispartof	Energy Conversion and Management: X
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100675
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	A review of major trends opportunities and technical challenges in biodiesel production from waste sources
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	23
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-03-26T00:04:33Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	23

Abstract:

As the world addresses the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions, biodiesel has surfaced as a viable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. The expansion of biodiesel feedstock plantations, particularly palm oil in tropical regions, can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and significant carbon emissions from the destruction of carbon-rich ecosystems. That is why this article focuses on biodiesel production from waste sources in order to maintain balance in the ecosystem. This review paper discusses the global energy landscape and the need for renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives. It explores the various waste sources in depth that are investigated for biodiesel production, comprising waste cooking oil, animal fats, algae, and other organic residues. Each feedstock is analyzed for its viability, challenges, and economic feasibility in biodiesel production. A critical assessment of different biodiesel production methods, such as transesterification, pyrolysis, thermochemical conversion, anaerobic digestion, thermal cracking, hydro-treating and enzymatic processes, is presented, highlighting the key factors influencing their efficiency and scalability. Recent developments to enhance waste-derived biodiesel production s sustainability and economic viability to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals are also highlighted. Furthermore, the environmental impact of biodiesel, including greenhouse gas emissions and land use, is discussed to provide a holistic understanding of its ecological footprint. The biodiesel from waste sources can significantly increase the brake thermal efficiency of the engine along with a substantial decrease in emissions like CO and HC. However, the NOx and CO

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186207