Mechanistic insights into the viral microorganism inactivation during lime stabilization for wastewater sludges.

Zhang, W; Zong, Y; Zhang, J; Ai, J; He, H; Li, L; Peng, S; Zhou, H; Wang, D; Wang, Q

Mechanistic insights into the viral microorganism inactivation during lime stabilization for wastewater sludges.

Zhang, W Zong, Y Zhang, J Ai, J He, H Li, L Peng, S Zhou, H Wang, D Wang, Q

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: J Hazard Mater, 2025, 485, pp. 136884
Issue Date:: 2025-03-05

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, W
dc.contributor.author	Zong, Y
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, J
dc.contributor.author	Ai, J
dc.contributor.author	He, H
dc.contributor.author	Li, L
dc.contributor.author	Peng, S
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, H
dc.contributor.author	Wang, D
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Q https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-2331
dc.date.accessioned	2025-04-03T06:26:01Z
dc.date.available	2024-12-13
dc.date.available	2025-04-03T06:26:01Z
dc.date.issued	2025-03-05
dc.identifier.citation	J Hazard Mater, 2025, 485, pp. 136884
dc.identifier.issn	0304-3894
dc.identifier.issn	1873-3336
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186567
dc.description.abstract	The pathogens inactivation in wastewater sludges is vitally important for safely managing solid wastes and protecting public and environmental health especially in the emergency. Reports have shown the effectiveness of lime to kill virus pathogens in sludges, but mechanism of virus inactivation and related human diseases is unclear. This study evaluated representative limes of CaO/CaO2 on actual viral microorganism inactivation by viral metagenomic sequencing technology. As results, the CaO2 treatment enhanced the sludge hydrolysis and enveloped viral pathogens suppression via EPS structure destruction by oxidative radical generations; while CaO suppressed most of none-enveloped plant related viral pathogens. Most of the viromes of plant virus including Virgaviridae and Nodaviridae were inactivated by CaO, but the human virus-Feirsviridae and plant virus-Solemoviridae were occurred after lime stabilization compared to untreated sludge, with abundances of 1 %-37 % and 21 %-32 % in CaO-treated (CaO-T) and CaO2-treated (CaO2-T) samples, respectively. In addition, metatranscriptome analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns between the CaO-T and CaO2-T sludges, in which lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (LPS) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in CaO-T, the formation of ribosome in CaO2-T were crucial to RNA virus regrowth in sludge. These findings suggested neither of CaO and CaO2 could completely suppress pathogens in sludge, and the effect of representative limes of CaO and CaO2 on the viral pathogen diversity, abundance, and metabolic function of the core microbiome on virus suppression and regrowth were ignored. Therefore, combined processes were recommended to provide possible alternatives for sludge safe management in pandemic emergencies.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT200100264
dc.relation.ispartof	J Hazard Mater
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136884
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	03 Chemical Sciences, 05 Environmental Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
dc.subject.classification	34 Chemical sciences
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	41 Environmental sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Calcium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Oxides
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.subject.mesh	Waste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.mesh	Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Calcium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Oxides
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Waste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.subject.mesh	Calcium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Oxides
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.subject.mesh	Waste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.mesh	Viruses
dc.title	Mechanistic insights into the viral microorganism inactivation during lime stabilization for wastewater sludges.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	485
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences
utslib.for	05 Environmental Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2025-04-03T06:25:59Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	485

Abstract:

The pathogens inactivation in wastewater sludges is vitally important for safely managing solid wastes and protecting public and environmental health especially in the emergency. Reports have shown the effectiveness of lime to kill virus pathogens in sludges, but mechanism of virus inactivation and related human diseases is unclear. This study evaluated representative limes of CaO/CaO2 on actual viral microorganism inactivation by viral metagenomic sequencing technology. As results, the CaO2 treatment enhanced the sludge hydrolysis and enveloped viral pathogens suppression via EPS structure destruction by oxidative radical generations; while CaO suppressed most of none-enveloped plant related viral pathogens. Most of the viromes of plant virus including Virgaviridae and Nodaviridae were inactivated by CaO, but the human virus-Feirsviridae and plant virus-Solemoviridae were occurred after lime stabilization compared to untreated sludge, with abundances of 1 %-37 % and 21 %-32 % in CaO-treated (CaO-T) and CaO2-treated (CaO2-T) samples, respectively. In addition, metatranscriptome analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns between the CaO-T and CaO2-T sludges, in which lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (LPS) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in CaO-T, the formation of ribosome in CaO2-T were crucial to RNA virus regrowth in sludge. These findings suggested neither of CaO and CaO2 could completely suppress pathogens in sludge, and the effect of representative limes of CaO and CaO2 on the viral pathogen diversity, abundance, and metabolic function of the core microbiome on virus suppression and regrowth were ignored. Therefore, combined processes were recommended to provide possible alternatives for sludge safe management in pandemic emergencies.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186567