Additive Manufactured Multi-Material 3D metasurfaces for broadband achromatic electromagnetic focusing

Cai, J; Deng, L; Lai, J; Li, S; Islam Oni, MA; Dey, S; Yang, Y

Additive Manufactured Multi-Material 3D metasurfaces for broadband achromatic electromagnetic focusing

Cai, J Deng, L Lai, J

Li, S Islam Oni, MA Dey, S Yang, Y

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Materials and Design, 2025, 255
Issue Date:: 2025-07-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Cai, J
dc.contributor.author	Deng, L
dc.contributor.author	Lai, J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-1569
dc.contributor.author	Li, S
dc.contributor.author	Islam Oni, MA
dc.contributor.author	Dey, S
dc.contributor.author	Yang, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-2156
dc.date.accessioned	2025-11-21T06:25:13Z
dc.date.available	2025-11-21T06:25:13Z
dc.date.issued	2025-07-01
dc.identifier.citation	Materials and Design, 2025, 255
dc.identifier.issn	0264-1275
dc.identifier.issn	1873-4197
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/190756
dc.description.abstract	In this paper, a broadband achromatic focusing metasurface design scheme based on the equivalent circuit theory and optimized by a deep learning method is proposed. The designed metasurface element consists of multilayer metal rings and a grounding layer, and the phase modulation effect of achromatic aberration in a wide frequency range is realized by precisely controlling the distance between the layers. The preparation of this complex structure is realized by using additive manufacturing technology, which effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional printed circuit board technology in manufacturing complex structures. To further improve the design efficiency, deep conditional generative adversarial network is introduced in this paper to quickly determine the structural parameters and realize the inverse design, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the metasurface structure design. The experimental results show that the metasurface possesses good focusing performance in the 17 to 35 GHz band with an effective bandwidth utilization of 69.2 %. The design method proposed in this study combines artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing technology, which provides new design ideas for applications in the fields of communication, optics and wireless energy transmission.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP210300004
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP230200030
dc.relation.ispartof	Materials and Design
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114210
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0910 Manufacturing Engineering, 0912 Materials Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Materials
dc.subject.classification	4016 Materials engineering
dc.subject.classification	4017 Mechanical engineering
dc.title	Additive Manufactured Multi-Material 3D metasurfaces for broadband achromatic electromagnetic focusing
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	255
utslib.for	0910 Manufacturing Engineering
utslib.for	0912 Materials Engineering
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/Engineering and IT Related HDR Students
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-11-21T06:25:11Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	255

Abstract:

In this paper, a broadband achromatic focusing metasurface design scheme based on the equivalent circuit theory and optimized by a deep learning method is proposed. The designed metasurface element consists of multilayer metal rings and a grounding layer, and the phase modulation effect of achromatic aberration in a wide frequency range is realized by precisely controlling the distance between the layers. The preparation of this complex structure is realized by using additive manufacturing technology, which effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional printed circuit board technology in manufacturing complex structures. To further improve the design efficiency, deep conditional generative adversarial network is introduced in this paper to quickly determine the structural parameters and realize the inverse design, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the metasurface structure design. The experimental results show that the metasurface possesses good focusing performance in the 17 to 35 GHz band with an effective bandwidth utilization of 69.2 %. The design method proposed in this study combines artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing technology, which provides new design ideas for applications in the fields of communication, optics and wireless energy transmission.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/190756