Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion

Saha, BK; Barai, G; Majumdar, N; Hossain, MA; Saha, G; Saha, SC

Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion

Saha, BK Barai, G Majumdar, N Hossain, MA Saha, G

Saha, SC

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Publisher:: Frontiers
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Energy Research, 2025, 13, pp. 1602241
Issue Date:: 2025-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Saha, BK
dc.contributor.author	Barai, G
dc.contributor.author	Majumdar, N
dc.contributor.author	Hossain, MA
dc.contributor.author	Saha, G https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-298X
dc.contributor.author	Saha, SC
dc.date.accessioned	2025-12-19T04:31:00Z
dc.date.available	2025-12-19T04:31:00Z
dc.date.issued	2025-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Energy Research, 2025, 13, pp. 1602241
dc.identifier.issn	2296-598X
dc.identifier.issn	2296-598X
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191027
dc.description.abstract	Background: Steering-shaped obstacles are extensively used in various thermal engineering applications, including heat exchangers, transformers, semiconductors, microelectronics, chemical sensors, air-cooled engines, gas turbines, automotive radiators, and hydrogen fuel cells. Aims: The main goal of this study was to examine how key dimensionless parameters—such as the Reynolds number ((Formula presented.)), Richardson number ((Formula presented.)), Hartmann number ((Formula presented.)), Nusselt number ((Formula presented.)), Bejan number ((Formula presented.)), and magnetic field angle ((Formula presented.))—affect the heat transfer, fluid flow, and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid ((Formula presented.)) system. A mixed convection flow is analyzed inside a hexagonal cavity containing a heated steering-shaped obstacle. The cavity has two moving walls that drive the flow, whereas a magnetic field is applied at an angle. The focus is to reduce entropy generation and enhance thermal performance, which is important for improving the efficiency of advanced cooling systems. Method and validations: The governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method, with extensive validation against existing results to ensure the accuracy of the findings. Parameters: In the study, we investigate a range of parameters: nanoparticle concentration ((Formula presented.)) varying from 1% to 5%, (Formula presented.) from 1 to 300, (Formula presented.) from 0 to 60, (Formula presented.) from 0.1 to 10, and (Formula presented.) ranging from (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.). Results: In the study, we show that lid-driven motion of the top and bottom walls, along with a steering-shaped heated obstacle, enhances heat transfer (HT) and reduces entropy generation (Formula presented.)). Thermal performance improves with increasing (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) but decreases with increasing (Formula presented.). For fixed (Formula presented.) = 300, at the highest magnetic field strength ((Formula presented.) = 60), the HT rate reaches its minimum, exhibiting a 22.41% decrease relative to the no magnetic-field condition ((Formula presented.) = 0). An increase in the (Formula presented.) number leads to a 68.76% enhancement in thermal performance. At a fixed (Formula presented.), increasing the (Formula presented.) number from 1 to 300 leads to a 263.83% enhancement in thermal performance. The addition of (Formula presented.) hybrid nanofluid (HNF) further enhances thermal performance. Conclusion: In the study, we reveal that mixed-convection (MC) HNF and heated steering-shaped obstacles play a significant role in enhancing HT and reducing (Formula presented.) within the cavity.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Frontiers
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Energy Research
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fenrg.2025.1602241
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.classification	4012 Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering
dc.title	Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-12-19T04:30:54Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	13

Abstract:

Background: Steering-shaped obstacles are extensively used in various thermal engineering applications, including heat exchangers, transformers, semiconductors, microelectronics, chemical sensors, air-cooled engines, gas turbines, automotive radiators, and hydrogen fuel cells. Aims: The main goal of this study was to examine how key dimensionless parameters—such as the Reynolds number ((Formula presented.)), Richardson number ((Formula presented.)), Hartmann number ((Formula presented.)), Nusselt number ((Formula presented.)), Bejan number ((Formula presented.)), and magnetic field angle ((Formula presented.))—affect the heat transfer, fluid flow, and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid ((Formula presented.)) system. A mixed convection flow is analyzed inside a hexagonal cavity containing a heated steering-shaped obstacle. The cavity has two moving walls that drive the flow, whereas a magnetic field is applied at an angle. The focus is to reduce entropy generation and enhance thermal performance, which is important for improving the efficiency of advanced cooling systems. Method and validations: The governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method, with extensive validation against existing results to ensure the accuracy of the findings. Parameters: In the study, we investigate a range of parameters: nanoparticle concentration ((Formula presented.)) varying from 1% to 5%, (Formula presented.) from 1 to 300, (Formula presented.) from 0 to 60, (Formula presented.) from 0.1 to 10, and (Formula presented.) ranging from (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.). Results: In the study, we show that lid-driven motion of the top and bottom walls, along with a steering-shaped heated obstacle, enhances heat transfer (HT) and reduces entropy generation (Formula presented.)). Thermal performance improves with increasing (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) but decreases with increasing (Formula presented.). For fixed (Formula presented.) = 300, at the highest magnetic field strength ((Formula presented.) = 60), the HT rate reaches its minimum, exhibiting a 22.41% decrease relative to the no magnetic-field condition ((Formula presented.) = 0). An increase in the (Formula presented.) number leads to a 68.76% enhancement in thermal performance. At a fixed (Formula presented.), increasing the (Formula presented.) number from 1 to 300 leads to a 263.83% enhancement in thermal performance. The addition of (Formula presented.) hybrid nanofluid (HNF) further enhances thermal performance. Conclusion: In the study, we reveal that mixed-convection (MC) HNF and heated steering-shaped obstacles play a significant role in enhancing HT and reducing (Formula presented.) within the cavity.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191027