High-capacity and selective lithium-ion recovery via Ti3C2Tx@SnO2 composite electrodes using hybrid capacitive deionization

Askari, M; Merenda, A; Shah, D; Tijing, L; Shon, HK

High-capacity and selective lithium-ion recovery via Ti3C2Tx@SnO2 composite electrodes using hybrid capacitive deionization

Askari, M Merenda, A Shah, D Tijing, L Shon, HK

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 2025, 526
Issue Date:: 2025-12-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Askari, M
dc.contributor.author	Merenda, A
dc.contributor.author	Shah, D
dc.contributor.author	Tijing, L
dc.contributor.author	Shon, HK
dc.date.accessioned	2025-12-20T04:19:01Z
dc.date.available	2025-12-20T04:19:01Z
dc.date.issued	2025-12-15
dc.identifier.citation	CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 2025, 526
dc.identifier.issn	1385-8947
dc.identifier.issn	1873-3212
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191040
dc.description.abstract	The increasing demand for lithium in renewable energy storage has underscored the importance of developing sustainable and efficient recovery techniques, with hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) emerging as a promising approach through the use of advanced electrode materials. Herein, we outline the facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a Ti3C2Tx MXene@SnO₂ composite electrode using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses to evaluate its performance in Li+ ion adsorption compared to other monovalent metal ions (K+ and Na+). The structure–function relationship of the composite electrode was investigated, revealing that the incorporation of SnO₂ nanoparticles into Ti3C2Tx MXene mitigates layer restacking, facilitates ion diffusion, and improves electrical conductivity. The influence of applied voltage and flow rate on lithium-ion transport dynamics was evaluated, revealing a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 191.7 mg·g−1 and an ASAR of 0.135 mg·g−1·s−1. In a ternary ion system, the electrode exhibited notable lithium selectivity, with ion removal efficiency ƞ M values of 42.4 %, 23.2 %, and 28.6 % for Li+, K+, and Na+, respectively, and selectivity coefficients of ρ k Li = 1.82 and ρ Na Li = 1.48 . The recovery studies highlight a trade-off between high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and selective capture of monovalent ions. Moreover, the electrode achieves a SAC of 103.4 mg·g−1 with an initial LiCl concentration set at 5 mM, and retains 82.7 % of this value after 20 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating outstanding long-term cycling stability. These results underscore the Ti3C2Tx@SnO₂ composite as a highly efficient and durable electrode for lithium recovery, offering critical insights into the development of sustainable MXene-based energy storage and desalination technologies.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP230100238
dc.relation	Qatar National Research FundGSRA8-L-2-0414-21012
dc.relation.ispartof	CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.cej.2025.170526
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0904 Chemical Engineering, 0905 Civil Engineering, 0907 Environmental Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Chemical Engineering
dc.subject.classification	4004 Chemical engineering
dc.subject.classification	4011 Environmental engineering
dc.subject.classification	4016 Materials engineering
dc.title	High-capacity and selective lithium-ion recovery via Ti3C2Tx@SnO2 composite electrodes using hybrid capacitive deionization
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	526
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-12-20T04:18:56Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	526

Abstract:

The increasing demand for lithium in renewable energy storage has underscored the importance of developing sustainable and efficient recovery techniques, with hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) emerging as a promising approach through the use of advanced electrode materials. Herein, we outline the facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a Ti3C2Tx MXene@SnO₂ composite electrode using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses to evaluate its performance in Li+ ion adsorption compared to other monovalent metal ions (K+ and Na+). The structure–function relationship of the composite electrode was investigated, revealing that the incorporation of SnO₂ nanoparticles into Ti3C2Tx MXene mitigates layer restacking, facilitates ion diffusion, and improves electrical conductivity. The influence of applied voltage and flow rate on lithium-ion transport dynamics was evaluated, revealing a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 191.7 mg·g−1 and an ASAR of 0.135 mg·g−1·s−1. In a ternary ion system, the electrode exhibited notable lithium selectivity, with ion removal efficiency ƞ M values of 42.4 %, 23.2 %, and 28.6 % for Li+, K+, and Na+, respectively, and selectivity coefficients of ρ k Li = 1.82 and ρ Na Li = 1.48 . The recovery studies highlight a trade-off between high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and selective capture of monovalent ions. Moreover, the electrode achieves a SAC of 103.4 mg·g−1 with an initial LiCl concentration set at 5 mM, and retains 82.7 % of this value after 20 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating outstanding long-term cycling stability. These results underscore the Ti3C2Tx@SnO₂ composite as a highly efficient and durable electrode for lithium recovery, offering critical insights into the development of sustainable MXene-based energy storage and desalination technologies.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191040