Global, Regional, and National Burden of Child Growth Failure, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Lin, K; Buys, N; Zhou, J; Qi, Y; Sun, J

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Child Growth Failure, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Lin, K Buys, N Zhou, J Qi, Y Sun, J

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Nutrients, 2025, 17, (7), pp. 1185
Issue Date:: 2025-03-28

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Lin, K
dc.contributor.author	Buys, N
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, J
dc.contributor.author	Qi, Y
dc.contributor.author	Sun, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-2438
dc.date.accessioned	2026-01-28T07:58:31Z
dc.date.available	2025-03-26
dc.date.available	2026-01-28T07:58:31Z
dc.date.issued	2025-03-28
dc.identifier.citation	Nutrients, 2025, 17, (7), pp. 1185
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/192497
dc.description.abstract	Background/Objectives: Child growth failure is a manifestation of chronic malnutrition expressed in stunting, wasting, and underweight in children. This study aimed to analyze global trends in child growth failure disease burden and mortality across children of all age groups on a global, regional, and national level. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 1990 and 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Growth failure Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with a disability (YLDs), and mortality in children under 20 years of age were analyzed. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to determine and identify improvements in growth failure disease burden and mortality in the past 30 years. Results: Greatest reduction in growth failure DALYs (AAPC = -0.96, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.95), YLDs (AAPC = -0.73, 95% CI = -0.77 to -0.66) and mortality rate (AAPC = -0.96, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.95) in children under 5 years of age was observed in high-middle SDI countries. In contrast, improvements in the number of growth failure DALYs (AAPC = -0.64, 95% CI = -0.76 to -0.53), YLDs (AAPC = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.25 to -0.13) and mortalities (-0.57, 95% CI = -0.59 to -0.52) are less pronounced in regions with low SDI scores. Improvements in disease burden and mortality are reduced in older age groups, with the lowest reduction observed in children 15-19 years old. Conclusions: Barriers hindering the delivery of nutritional supplements and access to quality healthcare in regions with low SDI scores need to be overcome to address the disproportionately high numbers of growth failure DALYs, YLDs, and mortalities in regions with low SDI.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Nutrients
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/nu17071185
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0908 Food Sciences, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
dc.subject.classification	3202 Clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	3210 Nutrition and dietetics
dc.subject.classification	4206 Public health
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Global Burden of Disease
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Adolescent
dc.subject.mesh	Disability-Adjusted Life Years
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Growth Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Global Health
dc.subject.mesh	Infant, Newborn
dc.subject.mesh	Child Nutrition Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Failure to Thrive
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Child Nutrition Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Growth Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Failure to Thrive
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Adolescent
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Infant, Newborn
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Global Health
dc.subject.mesh	Global Burden of Disease
dc.subject.mesh	Disability-Adjusted Life Years
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Global Burden of Disease
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Adolescent
dc.subject.mesh	Disability-Adjusted Life Years
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Growth Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Global Health
dc.subject.mesh	Infant, Newborn
dc.subject.mesh	Child Nutrition Disorders
dc.subject.mesh	Failure to Thrive
dc.title	Global, Regional, and National Burden of Child Growth Failure, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	17
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	0908 Food Sciences
utslib.for	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-01-28T07:58:28Z
pubs.issue	7
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	17
utslib.citation.issue	7

Abstract:

Background/Objectives: Child growth failure is a manifestation of chronic malnutrition expressed in stunting, wasting, and underweight in children. This study aimed to analyze global trends in child growth failure disease burden and mortality across children of all age groups on a global, regional, and national level. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 1990 and 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Growth failure Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with a disability (YLDs), and mortality in children under 20 years of age were analyzed. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to determine and identify improvements in growth failure disease burden and mortality in the past 30 years. Results: Greatest reduction in growth failure DALYs (AAPC = -0.96, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.95), YLDs (AAPC = -0.73, 95% CI = -0.77 to -0.66) and mortality rate (AAPC = -0.96, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.95) in children under 5 years of age was observed in high-middle SDI countries. In contrast, improvements in the number of growth failure DALYs (AAPC = -0.64, 95% CI = -0.76 to -0.53), YLDs (AAPC = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.25 to -0.13) and mortalities (-0.57, 95% CI = -0.59 to -0.52) are less pronounced in regions with low SDI scores. Improvements in disease burden and mortality are reduced in older age groups, with the lowest reduction observed in children 15-19 years old. Conclusions: Barriers hindering the delivery of nutritional supplements and access to quality healthcare in regions with low SDI scores need to be overcome to address the disproportionately high numbers of growth failure DALYs, YLDs, and mortalities in regions with low SDI.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/192497