Modeling Dome Arrays Through a Ray-Tracing Method Incorporating Embedded-Element Patterns

Pubill-Font, M; Mesa, F; Algaba-Brazalez, A; Ding, C; Quevedo-Teruel, O

Modeling Dome Arrays Through a Ray-Tracing Method Incorporating Embedded-Element Patterns

Pubill-Font, M Mesa, F Algaba-Brazalez, A Ding, C

Quevedo-Teruel, O

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2025, 73, (12), pp. 10345-10354
Issue Date:: 2025-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Pubill-Font, M
dc.contributor.author	Mesa, F
dc.contributor.author	Algaba-Brazalez, A
dc.contributor.author	Ding, C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-1657
dc.contributor.author	Quevedo-Teruel, O
dc.date.accessioned	2026-01-30T00:27:44Z
dc.date.available	2026-01-30T00:27:44Z
dc.date.issued	2025-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2025, 73, (12), pp. 10345-10354
dc.identifier.issn	0018-926X
dc.identifier.issn	1558-2221
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/192575
dc.description.abstract	The combination of dielectric lenses with phased array antennas (PAAs), known as dome arrays, leverages the strengths of both antenna technologies, offering a wide range of advantages in terms of radiation performance. This article explores a highly effective 2-D ray-tracing (RT) modeling approach that evaluates the impact of positioning an arbitrarily shaped dielectric lens near the phased array, as well as the effect of mutual coupling among the antenna elements on the overall radiation behavior of the 3-D dome array. The accuracy and effectiveness of this novel RT technique are validated through numerical comparisons of the resulting far-field patterns with those obtained using a commercial full-wave simulation software. The main innovation of our method relies on its simplicity and high accuracy. The method uses only the radiation patterns of the elements under coupling conditions, which can be quickly simulated with commercial software. Radiation patterns of the complete dome array are calculated through a combination of RT and the Kirchhoff diffraction formula. This simplified approach has been shown to be sufficiently accurate in many practical situations, including scenarios with domes in the near-field region and calculation of radiation patterns associated with cross-polarization.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TAP.2025.3610259
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.subject.classification	Networking & Telecommunications
dc.subject.classification	4006 Communications engineering
dc.subject.classification	4008 Electrical engineering
dc.subject.classification	4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
dc.title	Modeling Dome Arrays Through a Ray-Tracing Method Incorporating Embedded-Element Patterns
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	73
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Global Big Data Technologies Centre (GBDTC)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/Engineering and IT Related HDR Students
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-01-30T00:27:43Z
pubs.issue	12
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	73
utslib.citation.issue	12

Abstract:

The combination of dielectric lenses with phased array antennas (PAAs), known as dome arrays, leverages the strengths of both antenna technologies, offering a wide range of advantages in terms of radiation performance. This article explores a highly effective 2-D ray-tracing (RT) modeling approach that evaluates the impact of positioning an arbitrarily shaped dielectric lens near the phased array, as well as the effect of mutual coupling among the antenna elements on the overall radiation behavior of the 3-D dome array. The accuracy and effectiveness of this novel RT technique are validated through numerical comparisons of the resulting far-field patterns with those obtained using a commercial full-wave simulation software. The main innovation of our method relies on its simplicity and high accuracy. The method uses only the radiation patterns of the elements under coupling conditions, which can be quickly simulated with commercial software. Radiation patterns of the complete dome array are calculated through a combination of RT and the Kirchhoff diffraction formula. This simplified approach has been shown to be sufficiently accurate in many practical situations, including scenarios with domes in the near-field region and calculation of radiation patterns associated with cross-polarization.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/192575