Silicomanganese fume for sustainable construction: a recent review, ecological assessment, and future research roadmap

Nasir, M; Bahraq, AA; Assaggaf, R; Basha, SI; Mahmood, AH

Silicomanganese fume for sustainable construction: a recent review, ecological assessment, and future research roadmap

Nasir, M Bahraq, AA Assaggaf, R Basha, SI Mahmood, AH

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Publisher:: SPRINGERNATURE
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Low Carbon Materials and Green Construction, 2025, 3, (1)
Issue Date:: 2025-12-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Nasir, M
dc.contributor.author	Bahraq, AA
dc.contributor.author	Assaggaf, R
dc.contributor.author	Basha, SI
dc.contributor.author	Mahmood, AH
dc.date.accessioned	2026-02-10T08:37:31Z
dc.date.available	2026-02-10T08:37:31Z
dc.date.issued	2025-12-01
dc.identifier.citation	Low Carbon Materials and Green Construction, 2025, 3, (1)
dc.identifier.issn	2097-468X
dc.identifier.issn	2731-6319
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/193296
dc.description.abstract	The lack of periodic safe disposal of silico-manganese wastes poses significant environmental and health risks. Producing each ton of silico-manganese alloy results in more than one ton of slag and 10%–15% fume, which can supplement cement in concrete. This study presents the first critical review of silicomanganese fume (SiMnF) for the synthesis of cementitious composites and evaluation of engineering properties. The review covers the fresh, hardened, and durability characteristics, along with the microstructural development of SiMnF-based Portland cement and alkali-activated products. It also examines the synergistic effects of SiMnF with other supplementary cementitious materials, focusing on rheological and mechanical aspects. The findings indicate that pre-treatment of raw materials and post-treatment of composites are essential for achieving target properties. Optimized dosage of SiMnF, alkaline activator concentration, and curing conditions can provide workable mixes with compressive strengths of up to 50 MPa. A detailed life-cycle assessment was conducted to quantify the environmental impact of SiMnF-based mixtures. Based on identified knowledge gaps, the study proposes a roadmap for future research. This review highlights the strategies for SiMnF from ferroalloy plants to be used in the cement and concrete industries, promoting solid waste management, reducing carbon footprints, and supporting sustainable development towards net-zero emission targets.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	SPRINGERNATURE
dc.relation.ispartof	Low Carbon Materials and Green Construction
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/s44242-025-00084-8
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Silicomanganese fume for sustainable construction: a recent review, ecological assessment, and future research roadmap
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	3
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-02-10T08:37:11Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	3
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

The lack of periodic safe disposal of silico-manganese wastes poses significant environmental and health risks. Producing each ton of silico-manganese alloy results in more than one ton of slag and 10%–15% fume, which can supplement cement in concrete. This study presents the first critical review of silicomanganese fume (SiMnF) for the synthesis of cementitious composites and evaluation of engineering properties. The review covers the fresh, hardened, and durability characteristics, along with the microstructural development of SiMnF-based Portland cement and alkali-activated products. It also examines the synergistic effects of SiMnF with other supplementary cementitious materials, focusing on rheological and mechanical aspects. The findings indicate that pre-treatment of raw materials and post-treatment of composites are essential for achieving target properties. Optimized dosage of SiMnF, alkaline activator concentration, and curing conditions can provide workable mixes with compressive strengths of up to 50 MPa. A detailed life-cycle assessment was conducted to quantify the environmental impact of SiMnF-based mixtures. Based on identified knowledge gaps, the study proposes a roadmap for future research. This review highlights the strategies for SiMnF from ferroalloy plants to be used in the cement and concrete industries, promoting solid waste management, reducing carbon footprints, and supporting sustainable development towards net-zero emission targets.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/193296