A Review of Multi-Port Converter Architecture in Hydrogen-Based DC Microgrid

Wang, Q; Gunawardane, K; Li, L

A Review of Multi-Port Converter Architecture in Hydrogen-Based DC Microgrid

Wang, Q Gunawardane, K

Li, L

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Energies, 2025, 18, (24)
Issue Date:: 2025-12-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Q
dc.contributor.author	Gunawardane, K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-0162
dc.contributor.author	Li, L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-2216
dc.date.accessioned	2026-02-11T03:49:47Z
dc.date.available	2026-02-11T03:49:47Z
dc.date.issued	2025-12-01
dc.identifier.citation	Energies, 2025, 18, (24)
dc.identifier.issn	1996-1073
dc.identifier.issn	1996-1073
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/193419
dc.description.abstract	With the rapid advancement of hydrogen-based direct current microgrid (H<inf>2</inf>-DCMG) technology, multi-port converters (MPCs) have emerged as the pivotal interface for integrating renewable power generation, energy storage, and diverse DC loads. This paper systematically reviews the current research status and development trends of isolated and non-isolated MPC topologies within hydrogen-based DC microgrids. Firstly, it analyses the interface requirements for typical distributed energy sources (DER) such as photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), fuel cells (FC), battery energy storage (BESS), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL), and supercapacitors (SC). Secondly, it classifies and evaluates existing MPC topologies, clarifying the structural characteristics, technical advantages, and challenges faced by each type. Results indicate that non-isolated topologies offer advantages such as structural simplicity, high efficiency, and high power density, making them more suitable for residential and small-scale microgrid applications. Isolated topologies, conversely, provide electrical isolation and modular scalability, rendering them appropriate for high-voltage electrolytic hydrogen production and industrial scenarios with stringent safety requirements. Finally, the paper identifies current research gaps and proposes that future efforts should focus on exploring topology optimization, system integration design, and reliability enhancement.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Energies
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/en18246487
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	02 Physical Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	33 Built environment and design
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	51 Physical sciences
dc.title	A Review of Multi-Port Converter Architecture in Hydrogen-Based DC Microgrid
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	18
utslib.for	02 Physical Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/Engineering and IT Related HDR Students
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-02-11T03:49:45Z
pubs.issue	24
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	18
utslib.citation.issue	24

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of hydrogen-based direct current microgrid (H2-DCMG) technology, multi-port converters (MPCs) have emerged as the pivotal interface for integrating renewable power generation, energy storage, and diverse DC loads. This paper systematically reviews the current research status and development trends of isolated and non-isolated MPC topologies within hydrogen-based DC microgrids. Firstly, it analyses the interface requirements for typical distributed energy sources (DER) such as photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), fuel cells (FC), battery energy storage (BESS), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL), and supercapacitors (SC). Secondly, it classifies and evaluates existing MPC topologies, clarifying the structural characteristics, technical advantages, and challenges faced by each type. Results indicate that non-isolated topologies offer advantages such as structural simplicity, high efficiency, and high power density, making them more suitable for residential and small-scale microgrid applications. Isolated topologies, conversely, provide electrical isolation and modular scalability, rendering them appropriate for high-voltage electrolytic hydrogen production and industrial scenarios with stringent safety requirements. Finally, the paper identifies current research gaps and proposes that future efforts should focus on exploring topology optimization, system integration design, and reliability enhancement.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/193419